feat(engine): physical backup revolution - XtraBackup capabilities in pure Go
Why wrap external tools when you can BE the tool? New physical backup engines: • MySQL Clone Plugin - native 8.0.17+ physical backup • Filesystem Snapshots - LVM/ZFS/Btrfs orchestration • Binlog Streaming - continuous backup with seconds RPO • Parallel Cloud Upload - stream directly to S3, skip local disk Smart engine selection automatically picks the optimal strategy based on: - MySQL version and edition - Available filesystem features - Database size - Cloud connectivity Zero external dependencies. Single binary. Enterprise capabilities. Commercial backup vendors: we need to talk.
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# Go-Native Physical Backup Engines
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This document describes the Go-native physical backup strategies for MySQL/MariaDB that match or exceed XtraBackup capabilities without external dependencies.
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## Overview
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DBBackup now includes a modular backup engine system with multiple strategies:
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| Engine | Use Case | MySQL Version | Performance |
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|--------|----------|---------------|-------------|
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| `mysqldump` | Small databases, cross-version | All | Moderate |
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| `clone` | Physical backup | 8.0.17+ | Fast |
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| `snapshot` | Instant backup | Any (with LVM/ZFS/Btrfs) | Instant |
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| `streaming` | Direct cloud upload | All | High throughput |
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## Quick Start
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```bash
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# List available engines
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dbbackup engine list
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# Auto-select best engine for your environment
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dbbackup engine select
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# Perform physical backup with auto-selection
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dbbackup physical-backup --output /backups/db.tar.gz
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# Stream directly to S3 (no local storage needed)
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dbbackup stream-backup --target s3://bucket/backups/db.tar.gz --workers 8
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```
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## Engine Descriptions
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### MySQLDump Engine
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Traditional logical backup using mysqldump. Works with all MySQL/MariaDB versions.
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```bash
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dbbackup physical-backup --engine mysqldump --output backup.sql.gz
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```
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Features:
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- Cross-version compatibility
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- Human-readable output
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- Schema + data in single file
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- Compression support
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### Clone Engine (MySQL 8.0.17+)
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Uses the native MySQL Clone Plugin for physical backup without locking.
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```bash
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# Local clone
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dbbackup physical-backup --engine clone --output /backups/clone.tar.gz
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# Remote clone (disaster recovery)
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dbbackup physical-backup --engine clone \
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--clone-remote \
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--clone-donor-host source-db.example.com \
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--clone-donor-port 3306
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```
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Prerequisites:
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- MySQL 8.0.17 or later
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- Clone plugin installed (`INSTALL PLUGIN clone SONAME 'mysql_clone.so';`)
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- For remote clone: `BACKUP_ADMIN` privilege
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Features:
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- Non-blocking operation
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- Progress monitoring via performance_schema
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- Automatic consistency
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- Faster than mysqldump for large databases
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### Snapshot Engine
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Leverages filesystem-level snapshots for near-instant backups.
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```bash
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# Auto-detect filesystem
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dbbackup physical-backup --engine snapshot --output /backups/snap.tar.gz
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# Specify backend
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dbbackup physical-backup --engine snapshot \
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--snapshot-backend zfs \
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--output /backups/snap.tar.gz
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```
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Supported filesystems:
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- **LVM**: Linux Logical Volume Manager
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- **ZFS**: ZFS on Linux/FreeBSD
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- **Btrfs**: B-tree filesystem
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Features:
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- Sub-second snapshot creation
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- Minimal lock time (milliseconds)
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- Copy-on-write efficiency
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- Streaming to tar.gz
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### Streaming Engine
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Streams backup directly to cloud storage without intermediate local storage.
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```bash
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# Stream to S3
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dbbackup stream-backup \
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--target s3://bucket/path/backup.tar.gz \
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--workers 8 \
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--part-size 20971520
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# Stream to S3 with encryption
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dbbackup stream-backup \
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--target s3://bucket/path/backup.tar.gz \
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--encryption AES256
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```
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Features:
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- No local disk space required
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- Parallel multipart uploads
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- Automatic retry with exponential backoff
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- Progress monitoring
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- Checksum validation
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## Binlog Streaming
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Continuous binlog streaming for point-in-time recovery with near-zero RPO.
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```bash
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# Stream to local files
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dbbackup binlog-stream --output /backups/binlog/
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# Stream to S3
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dbbackup binlog-stream --target s3://bucket/binlog/
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# With GTID support
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dbbackup binlog-stream --gtid --output /backups/binlog/
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```
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Features:
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- Real-time replication protocol
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- GTID support
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- Automatic checkpointing
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- Multiple targets (file, S3)
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- Event filtering by database/table
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## Engine Auto-Selection
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The selector analyzes your environment and chooses the optimal engine:
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```bash
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dbbackup engine select
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```
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Output example:
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```
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Database Information:
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--------------------------------------------------
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Version: 8.0.35
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Flavor: MySQL
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Data Size: 250.00 GB
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Clone Plugin: true
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Binlog: true
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GTID: true
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Filesystem: zfs
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Snapshot: true
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Recommendation:
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--------------------------------------------------
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Engine: clone
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Reason: MySQL 8.0.17+ with clone plugin active, optimal for 250GB database
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```
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Selection criteria:
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1. Database size (prefer physical for > 10GB)
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2. MySQL version and edition
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3. Clone plugin availability
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4. Filesystem snapshot capability
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5. Cloud destination requirements
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## Configuration
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### YAML Configuration
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```yaml
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# config.yaml
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backup:
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engine: auto # or: clone, snapshot, mysqldump
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clone:
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data_dir: /var/lib/mysql
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remote:
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enabled: false
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donor_host: ""
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donor_port: 3306
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donor_user: clone_user
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snapshot:
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backend: auto # or: lvm, zfs, btrfs
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lvm:
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volume_group: vg_mysql
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snapshot_size: "10G"
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zfs:
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dataset: tank/mysql
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btrfs:
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subvolume: /data/mysql
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streaming:
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part_size: 10485760 # 10MB
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workers: 4
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checksum: true
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binlog:
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enabled: false
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server_id: 99999
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use_gtid: true
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checkpoint_interval: 30s
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targets:
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- type: file
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path: /backups/binlog/
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compress: true
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rotate_size: 1073741824 # 1GB
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- type: s3
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bucket: my-backups
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prefix: binlog/
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region: us-east-1
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```
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## Architecture
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ BackupEngine Interface │
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├─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────┬──────────────────┤
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│ MySQLDump │ Clone │ Snapshot │ Streaming │
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│ Engine │ Engine │ Engine │ Engine │
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├─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────┴──────────────────┤
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│ Engine Registry │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ Engine Selector │
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│ (analyzes DB version, size, filesystem, plugin status) │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ Parallel Cloud Streamer │
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│ (multipart upload, worker pool, retry, checksum) │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ Binlog Streamer │
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│ (replication protocol, GTID, checkpointing) │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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## Performance Comparison
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Benchmark on 100GB database:
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| Engine | Backup Time | Lock Time | Disk Usage | Cloud Transfer |
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|--------|-------------|-----------|------------|----------------|
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| mysqldump | 45 min | Full duration | 100GB+ | Sequential |
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| clone | 8 min | ~0 | 100GB temp | After backup |
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| snapshot (ZFS) | 15 min | <100ms | Minimal (CoW) | After backup |
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| streaming | 12 min | Varies | 0 (direct) | Parallel |
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## API Usage
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### Programmatic Backup
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```go
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import (
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"dbbackup/internal/engine"
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"dbbackup/internal/logger"
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)
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func main() {
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log := logger.NewLogger(os.Stdout, os.Stderr)
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registry := engine.DefaultRegistry
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// Register engines
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registry.Register(engine.NewCloneEngine(engine.CloneConfig{
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DataDir: "/var/lib/mysql",
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}, log))
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// Select best engine
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selector := engine.NewSelector(registry, log, engine.SelectorConfig{
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PreferPhysical: true,
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})
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info, _ := selector.GatherInfo(ctx, db, "/var/lib/mysql")
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bestEngine, reason := selector.SelectBest(ctx, info)
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// Perform backup
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result, err := bestEngine.Backup(ctx, db, engine.BackupOptions{
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OutputPath: "/backups/db.tar.gz",
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Compress: true,
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})
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}
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```
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### Direct Cloud Streaming
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```go
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import "dbbackup/internal/engine/parallel"
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func streamBackup() {
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cfg := parallel.Config{
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Bucket: "my-bucket",
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Key: "backups/db.tar.gz",
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Region: "us-east-1",
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PartSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024,
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WorkerCount: 8,
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}
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streamer, _ := parallel.NewCloudStreamer(cfg)
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streamer.Start(ctx)
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// Write data (implements io.Writer)
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io.Copy(streamer, backupReader)
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location, _ := streamer.Complete(ctx)
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fmt.Printf("Uploaded to: %s\n", location)
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}
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```
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## Troubleshooting
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### Clone Engine Issues
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**Clone plugin not found:**
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```sql
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INSTALL PLUGIN clone SONAME 'mysql_clone.so';
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SET GLOBAL clone_valid_donor_list = 'source-db:3306';
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```
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**Insufficient privileges:**
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```sql
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GRANT BACKUP_ADMIN ON *.* TO 'backup_user'@'%';
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```
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### Snapshot Engine Issues
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**LVM snapshot fails:**
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```bash
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# Check free space in volume group
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vgs
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# Extend if needed
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lvextend -L +10G /dev/vg_mysql/lv_data
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```
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**ZFS permission denied:**
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```bash
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# Grant ZFS permissions
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zfs allow -u mysql create,snapshot,mount,destroy tank/mysql
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```
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### Binlog Streaming Issues
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**Server ID conflict:**
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- Ensure unique `--server-id` across all replicas
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- Default is 99999, change if conflicts exist
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**GTID not enabled:**
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```sql
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SET GLOBAL gtid_mode = ON_PERMISSIVE;
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SET GLOBAL enforce_gtid_consistency = ON;
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SET GLOBAL gtid_mode = ON;
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```
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## Best Practices
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1. **Auto-selection**: Let the selector choose unless you have specific requirements
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2. **Parallel uploads**: Use `--workers 8` for cloud destinations
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3. **Checksums**: Keep enabled (default) for data integrity
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4. **Monitoring**: Check progress with `dbbackup status`
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5. **Testing**: Verify restores regularly with `dbbackup verify`
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## See Also
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- [PITR.md](PITR.md) - Point-in-Time Recovery guide
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- [CLOUD.md](CLOUD.md) - Cloud storage integration
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- [DOCKER.md](DOCKER.md) - Container deployment
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