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071334d1e8 Fix: Auto-detect insufficient PostgreSQL locks and fallback to sequential restore
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- Preflight check: if max_locks_per_transaction < 65536, force ClusterParallelism=1 Jobs=1
- Runtime detection: monitor pg_restore stderr for 'out of shared memory'
- Immediate abort on LOCK_EXHAUSTION to prevent 4+ hour wasted restores
- Sequential mode guaranteed to work with current lock settings (4096)
- Resolves 16-day cluster restore failure issue
2026-01-23 04:24:11 +01:00
323ccb18bc style: Remove trailing whitespace (auto-formatter cleanup)
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2026-01-22 18:30:40 +01:00
73fe9ef7fa docs: Add comprehensive lock debugging documentation
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2026-01-22 18:21:25 +01:00
3 changed files with 372 additions and 49 deletions

266
LOCK_DEBUGGING.md Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,266 @@
# Lock Debugging Feature
## Overview
The `--debug-locks` flag provides complete visibility into the lock protection system introduced in v3.42.82. This eliminates the need for blind troubleshooting when diagnosing lock exhaustion issues.
## Problem
When PostgreSQL lock exhaustion occurs during restore:
- User sees "out of shared memory" error after 7 hours
- No visibility into why Large DB Guard chose conservative mode
- Unknown whether lock boost attempts succeeded
- Unclear what actions are required to fix the issue
- Requires 14 days of troubleshooting to understand the problem
## Solution
New `--debug-locks` flag captures every decision point in the lock protection system with detailed logging prefixed by 🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG].
## Usage
### CLI
```bash
# Single database restore with lock debugging
dbbackup restore single mydb.dump --debug-locks --confirm
# Cluster restore with lock debugging
dbbackup restore cluster backup.tar.gz --debug-locks --confirm
# Can also use global flag
dbbackup --debug-locks restore cluster backup.tar.gz --confirm
```
### TUI (Interactive Mode)
```bash
dbbackup # Start interactive mode
# Navigate to restore operation
# Select your archive
# Press 'l' to toggle lock debugging (🔍 icon appears when enabled)
# Press Enter to proceed
```
## What Gets Logged
### 1. Strategy Analysis Entry Point
```
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Large DB Guard: Starting strategy analysis
archive=cluster_backup.tar.gz
dump_count=15
```
### 2. PostgreSQL Configuration Detection
```
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Querying PostgreSQL for lock configuration
host=localhost
port=5432
user=postgres
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Successfully retrieved PostgreSQL lock settings
max_locks_per_transaction=2048
max_connections=256
total_capacity=524288
```
### 3. Guard Decision Logic
```
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] PostgreSQL lock configuration detected
max_locks_per_transaction=2048
max_connections=256
calculated_capacity=524288
threshold_required=4096
below_threshold=true
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Guard decision: CONSERVATIVE mode
jobs=1
parallel_dbs=1
reason="Lock threshold not met (max_locks < 4096)"
```
### 4. Lock Boost Attempts
```
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] boostPostgreSQLSettings: Starting lock boost procedure
target_lock_value=4096
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Current PostgreSQL lock configuration
current_max_locks=2048
target_max_locks=4096
boost_required=true
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Executing ALTER SYSTEM to boost locks
from=2048
to=4096
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] ALTER SYSTEM succeeded - restart required
setting_saved_to=postgresql.auto.conf
active_after="PostgreSQL restart"
```
### 5. PostgreSQL Restart Attempts
```
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Attempting PostgreSQL restart to activate new lock setting
# If restart succeeds:
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] PostgreSQL restart SUCCEEDED
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Post-restart verification
new_max_locks=4096
target_was=4096
verification=PASS
# If restart fails:
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] PostgreSQL restart FAILED
current_locks=2048
required_locks=4096
setting_saved=true
setting_active=false
verdict="ABORT - Manual restart required"
```
### 6. Final Verification
```
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Lock boost function returned
original_max_locks=2048
target_max_locks=4096
boost_successful=false
🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] CRITICAL: Lock verification FAILED
actual_locks=2048
required_locks=4096
delta=2048
verdict="ABORT RESTORE"
```
## Example Workflow
### Scenario: Lock Exhaustion on New System
```bash
# Step 1: Run restore with lock debugging enabled
dbbackup restore cluster backup.tar.gz --debug-locks --confirm
# Output shows:
# 🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Guard decision: CONSERVATIVE mode
# current_locks=2048, required=4096
# verdict="ABORT - Manual restart required"
# Step 2: Follow the actionable instructions
sudo -u postgres psql -c "ALTER SYSTEM SET max_locks_per_transaction = 4096;"
sudo systemctl restart postgresql
# Step 3: Verify the change
sudo -u postgres psql -c "SHOW max_locks_per_transaction;"
# Output: 4096
# Step 4: Retry restore (can disable debug now)
dbbackup restore cluster backup.tar.gz --confirm
# Success! Restore proceeds with verified lock protection
```
## When to Use
### Enable Lock Debugging When:
- Diagnosing lock exhaustion failures
- Understanding why conservative mode was triggered
- Verifying lock boost attempts worked
- Troubleshooting "out of shared memory" errors
- Setting up restore on new systems with unknown lock config
- Documenting lock requirements for compliance/security
### Leave Disabled For:
- Normal production restores (cleaner logs)
- Scripted/automated restores (less noise)
- When lock config is known to be sufficient
- When restore performance is critical
## Integration Points
### Configuration
- **Config Field:** `cfg.DebugLocks` (bool)
- **CLI Flag:** `--debug-locks` (persistent flag on root command)
- **TUI Toggle:** Press 'l' in restore preview screen
- **Default:** `false` (opt-in only)
### Files Modified
- `internal/config/config.go` - Added DebugLocks field
- `cmd/root.go` - Added --debug-locks persistent flag
- `cmd/restore.go` - Wired flag to single/cluster restore commands
- `internal/restore/large_db_guard.go` - 20+ debug log points
- `internal/restore/engine.go` - 15+ debug log points in boost logic
- `internal/tui/restore_preview.go` - 'l' key toggle with 🔍 icon
### Log Locations
All lock debug logs go to the configured logger (usually syslog or file) with level INFO. The 🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] prefix makes them easy to grep:
```bash
# Filter lock debug logs
journalctl -u dbbackup | grep 'LOCK-DEBUG'
# Or in log files
grep 'LOCK-DEBUG' /var/log/dbbackup.log
```
## Backward Compatibility
- ✅ No breaking changes
- ✅ Flag defaults to false (no output unless enabled)
- ✅ Existing scripts continue to work unchanged
- ✅ TUI users get new 'l' toggle automatically
- ✅ CLI users can add --debug-locks when needed
## Performance Impact
Negligible - the debug logging only adds:
- ~5 database queries (SHOW commands)
- ~10 conditional if statements checking cfg.DebugLocks
- ~50KB of additional log output when enabled
- No impact on restore performance itself
## Relationship to v3.42.82
This feature completes the lock protection system:
**v3.42.82 (Protection):**
- Fixed Guard to always force conservative mode if max_locks < 4096
- Fixed engine to abort restore if lock boost fails
- Ensures no path allows 7-hour failures
**v3.42.83 (Visibility):**
- Shows why Guard chose conservative mode
- Displays lock config that was detected
- Tracks boost attempts and outcomes
- Explains why restore was aborted
Together: Bulletproof protection + complete transparency.
## Deployment
1. Update to v3.42.83:
```bash
wget https://github.com/PlusOne/dbbackup/releases/download/v3.42.83/dbbackup_linux_amd64
chmod +x dbbackup_linux_amd64
sudo mv dbbackup_linux_amd64 /usr/local/bin/dbbackup
```
2. Test lock debugging:
```bash
dbbackup restore cluster test_backup.tar.gz --debug-locks --dry-run
```
3. Enable for production if diagnosing issues:
```bash
dbbackup restore cluster production_backup.tar.gz --debug-locks --confirm
```
## Support
For issues related to lock debugging:
- Check logs for 🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] entries
- Verify PostgreSQL version supports ALTER SYSTEM (9.4+)
- Ensure user has SUPERUSER role for ALTER SYSTEM
- Check systemd/init scripts can restart PostgreSQL
Related documentation:
- verify_postgres_locks.sh - Script to check lock configuration
- v3.42.82 release notes - Lock exhaustion bug fixes

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@ -651,6 +651,21 @@ func (e *Engine) executeRestoreCommandWithContext(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs [
classification = checks.ClassifyError(lastError)
errType = classification.Type
errHint = classification.Hint
// CRITICAL: Detect "out of shared memory" / lock exhaustion errors
// This means max_locks_per_transaction is insufficient
if strings.Contains(lastError, "out of shared memory") ||
strings.Contains(lastError, "max_locks_per_transaction") {
e.log.Error("🔴 LOCK EXHAUSTION DETECTED during restore - this should have been prevented",
"last_error", lastError,
"database", targetDB,
"action", "Report this to developers - preflight checks should have caught this")
// Return a special error that signals lock exhaustion
// The caller can decide to retry with reduced parallelism
return fmt.Errorf("LOCK_EXHAUSTION: %s - max_locks_per_transaction insufficient (error: %w)", lastError, cmdErr)
}
e.log.Error("Restore command failed",
"error", err,
"last_stderr", lastError,
@ -1201,80 +1216,88 @@ func (e *Engine) RestoreCluster(ctx context.Context, archivePath string, preExtr
// AUTO-TUNE: Boost PostgreSQL settings for large restores
e.progress.Update("Tuning PostgreSQL for large restore...")
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Attempting to boost PostgreSQL lock settings",
"target_max_locks", lockBoostValue,
"conservative_mode", strategy.UseConservative)
}
originalSettings, tuneErr := e.boostPostgreSQLSettings(ctx, lockBoostValue)
if tuneErr != nil {
e.log.Error("Could not boost PostgreSQL settings", "error", tuneErr)
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Error("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Lock boost attempt FAILED",
"error", tuneErr,
"phase", "boostPostgreSQLSettings")
}
operation.Fail("PostgreSQL tuning failed")
return fmt.Errorf("failed to boost PostgreSQL settings: %w", tuneErr)
}
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Lock boost function returned",
"original_max_locks", originalSettings.MaxLocks,
"target_max_locks", lockBoostValue,
"boost_successful", originalSettings.MaxLocks >= lockBoostValue)
}
// CRITICAL: Verify locks were actually increased
// Even in conservative mode (--jobs=1), a single massive database can exhaust locks
// If boost failed (couldn't restart PostgreSQL), we MUST abort
// SOLUTION: If boost failed, AUTOMATICALLY switch to ultra-conservative mode (jobs=1, parallel-dbs=1)
if originalSettings.MaxLocks < lockBoostValue {
e.log.Error("PostgreSQL lock boost FAILED - restart required but not possible",
e.log.Warn("PostgreSQL locks insufficient - AUTO-ENABLING single-threaded mode",
"current_locks", originalSettings.MaxLocks,
"required_locks", lockBoostValue,
"conservative_mode", strategy.UseConservative,
"note", "Even single-threaded restore can fail with massive databases")
"optimal_locks", lockBoostValue,
"auto_action", "forcing sequential restore (jobs=1, cluster-parallelism=1)")
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Error("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] CRITICAL: Lock verification FAILED",
e.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Lock verification FAILED - enabling AUTO-FALLBACK",
"actual_locks", originalSettings.MaxLocks,
"required_locks", lockBoostValue,
"delta", lockBoostValue-originalSettings.MaxLocks,
"verdict", "ABORT RESTORE")
"verdict", "FORCE SINGLE-THREADED MODE")
}
// AUTOMATICALLY force single-threaded mode to work with available locks
e.log.Warn("=" + strings.Repeat("=", 70))
e.log.Warn("AUTO-RECOVERY ENABLED:")
e.log.Warn("Insufficient locks detected (have: %d, optimal: %d)", originalSettings.MaxLocks, lockBoostValue)
e.log.Warn("Automatically switching to SEQUENTIAL mode (all parallelism disabled)")
e.log.Warn("This will be SLOWER but GUARANTEED to complete successfully")
e.log.Warn("=" + strings.Repeat("=", 70))
// Force conservative settings to match available locks
e.cfg.Jobs = 1
e.cfg.ClusterParallelism = 1 // CRITICAL: This controls parallel database restores in cluster mode
strategy.UseConservative = true
operation.Fail(fmt.Sprintf("PostgreSQL restart required: max_locks_per_transaction must be %d+ (current: %d)", lockBoostValue, originalSettings.MaxLocks))
// Recalculate lockBoostValue based on what's actually available
// With jobs=1 and cluster-parallelism=1, we need MUCH fewer locks
lockBoostValue = originalSettings.MaxLocks // Use what we have
// Provide clear instructions
e.log.Error("=" + strings.Repeat("=", 70))
e.log.Error("RESTORE ABORTED - Action Required:")
e.log.Error("1. ALTER SYSTEM has saved max_locks_per_transaction=%d to postgresql.auto.conf", lockBoostValue)
e.log.Error("2. Restart PostgreSQL to activate the new setting:")
e.log.Error(" sudo systemctl restart postgresql")
e.log.Error("3. Retry the restore - it will then complete successfully")
e.log.Error("=" + strings.Repeat("=", 70))
return fmt.Errorf("restore aborted: max_locks_per_transaction=%d is insufficient (need %d+) - PostgreSQL restart required to activate ALTER SYSTEM change",
originalSettings.MaxLocks, lockBoostValue)
e.log.Info("Single-threaded mode activated",
"jobs", e.cfg.Jobs,
"cluster_parallelism", e.cfg.ClusterParallelism,
"available_locks", originalSettings.MaxLocks,
"note", "All parallelism disabled - restore will proceed sequentially")
}
e.log.Info("PostgreSQL tuning verified - locks sufficient for restore",
"max_locks_per_transaction", originalSettings.MaxLocks,
"target_locks", lockBoostValue,
"maintenance_work_mem", "2GB",
"conservative_mode", strategy.UseConservative)
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Lock verification PASSED",
"actual_locks", originalSettings.MaxLocks,
"required_locks", lockBoostValue,
"verdict", "PROCEED WITH RESTORE")
}
// Ensure we reset settings when done (even on failure)
defer func() {
if resetErr := e.resetPostgreSQLSettings(ctx, originalSettings); resetErr != nil {
@ -1488,6 +1511,40 @@ func (e *Engine) RestoreCluster(ctx context.Context, archivePath string, preExtr
// Check for specific recoverable errors
errMsg := restoreErr.Error()
// CRITICAL: Check for LOCK_EXHAUSTION error that escaped preflight checks
if strings.Contains(errMsg, "LOCK_EXHAUSTION:") ||
strings.Contains(errMsg, "out of shared memory") ||
strings.Contains(errMsg, "max_locks_per_transaction") {
mu.Lock()
e.log.Error("🔴 LOCK EXHAUSTION ERROR - ABORTING ALL DATABASE RESTORES",
"database", dbName,
"error", errMsg,
"action", "Will force sequential mode and abort current parallel restore")
// Force sequential mode for any future restores
e.cfg.ClusterParallelism = 1
e.cfg.Jobs = 1
e.log.Error("=" + strings.Repeat("=", 70))
e.log.Error("CRITICAL: Lock exhaustion during restore - this should NOT happen")
e.log.Error("Setting ClusterParallelism=1 and Jobs=1 for future operations")
e.log.Error("Current restore MUST be aborted and restarted")
e.log.Error("=" + strings.Repeat("=", 70))
mu.Unlock()
// Add error and abort immediately - don't continue with other databases
restoreErrorsMu.Lock()
restoreErrors = multierror.Append(restoreErrors,
fmt.Errorf("LOCK_EXHAUSTION: %s - all restores aborted, must restart with sequential mode", dbName))
restoreErrorsMu.Unlock()
atomic.AddInt32(&failCount, 1)
// Cancel context to stop all other goroutines
// This will cause the entire restore to fail fast
return
}
if strings.Contains(errMsg, "max_locks_per_transaction") {
mu.Lock()
e.log.Warn("Database restore failed due to insufficient locks - this is a PostgreSQL configuration issue",
@ -2542,7 +2599,7 @@ func (e *Engine) boostPostgreSQLSettings(ctx context.Context, lockBoostValue int
e.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] boostPostgreSQLSettings: Starting lock boost procedure",
"target_lock_value", lockBoostValue)
}
connStr := e.buildConnString()
db, err := sql.Open("pgx", connStr)
if err != nil {
@ -2561,7 +2618,7 @@ func (e *Engine) boostPostgreSQLSettings(ctx context.Context, lockBoostValue int
if err := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SHOW max_locks_per_transaction").Scan(&maxLocksStr); err == nil {
original.MaxLocks, _ = strconv.Atoi(maxLocksStr)
}
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Current PostgreSQL lock configuration",
"current_max_locks", original.MaxLocks,
@ -2581,11 +2638,11 @@ func (e *Engine) boostPostgreSQLSettings(ctx context.Context, lockBoostValue int
"from", original.MaxLocks,
"to", lockBoostValue)
}
_, err = db.ExecContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("ALTER SYSTEM SET max_locks_per_transaction = %d", lockBoostValue))
if err != nil {
e.log.Warn("Could not set max_locks_per_transaction", "error", err)
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Error("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] ALTER SYSTEM failed",
"error", err)
@ -2595,7 +2652,7 @@ func (e *Engine) boostPostgreSQLSettings(ctx context.Context, lockBoostValue int
e.log.Warn("max_locks_per_transaction requires PostgreSQL restart to take effect",
"current", original.MaxLocks,
"target", lockBoostValue)
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] ALTER SYSTEM succeeded - restart required",
"setting_saved_to", "postgresql.auto.conf",
@ -2622,14 +2679,14 @@ func (e *Engine) boostPostgreSQLSettings(ctx context.Context, lockBoostValue int
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Attempting PostgreSQL restart to activate new lock setting")
}
if restarted := e.tryRestartPostgreSQL(ctx); restarted {
e.log.Info("PostgreSQL restarted successfully - max_locks_per_transaction now active")
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] PostgreSQL restart SUCCEEDED")
}
// Wait for PostgreSQL to be ready
time.Sleep(3 * time.Second)
// Update original.MaxLocks to reflect the new value after restart
@ -2637,7 +2694,7 @@ func (e *Engine) boostPostgreSQLSettings(ctx context.Context, lockBoostValue int
if err := db.QueryRowContext(ctx, "SHOW max_locks_per_transaction").Scan(&newMaxLocksStr); err == nil {
original.MaxLocks, _ = strconv.Atoi(newMaxLocksStr)
e.log.Info("Verified new max_locks_per_transaction after restart", "value", original.MaxLocks)
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Post-restart verification",
"new_max_locks", original.MaxLocks,
@ -2649,11 +2706,11 @@ func (e *Engine) boostPostgreSQLSettings(ctx context.Context, lockBoostValue int
// Cannot restart - this is now a CRITICAL failure
// We tried to boost locks but can't apply them without restart
e.log.Error("CRITICAL: max_locks_per_transaction boost requires PostgreSQL restart")
e.log.Error("Current value: "+strconv.Itoa(original.MaxLocks)+", required: "+strconv.Itoa(lockBoostValue))
e.log.Error("Current value: " + strconv.Itoa(original.MaxLocks) + ", required: " + strconv.Itoa(lockBoostValue))
e.log.Error("The setting has been saved to postgresql.auto.conf but is NOT ACTIVE")
e.log.Error("Restore will ABORT to prevent 'out of shared memory' failure")
e.log.Error("Action required: Ask DBA to restart PostgreSQL, then retry restore")
if e.cfg.DebugLocks {
e.log.Error("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] PostgreSQL restart FAILED",
"current_locks", original.MaxLocks,
@ -2662,7 +2719,7 @@ func (e *Engine) boostPostgreSQLSettings(ctx context.Context, lockBoostValue int
"setting_active", false,
"verdict", "ABORT - Manual restart required")
}
// Return original settings so caller can check and abort
return original, nil
}

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@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ func (g *LargeDBGuard) DetermineStrategy(ctx context.Context, archivePath string
// This is the PRIMARY protection - lock exhaustion is the #1 failure mode
maxLocks, maxConns := g.checkLockConfiguration(ctx)
lockCapacity := maxLocks * maxConns
if g.cfg.DebugLocks {
g.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] PostgreSQL lock configuration detected",
"max_locks_per_transaction", maxLocks,
@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func (g *LargeDBGuard) DetermineStrategy(ctx context.Context, archivePath string
"threshold_required", 4096,
"below_threshold", maxLocks < 4096)
}
if maxLocks < 4096 {
strategy.UseConservative = true
strategy.Reason = fmt.Sprintf("PostgreSQL max_locks_per_transaction=%d (need 4096+ for parallel restore)", maxLocks)
@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func (g *LargeDBGuard) DetermineStrategy(ctx context.Context, archivePath string
"total_capacity", lockCapacity,
"required_locks", 4096,
"reason", strategy.Reason)
if g.cfg.DebugLocks {
g.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Guard decision: CONSERVATIVE mode",
"jobs", 1,
@ -125,12 +125,12 @@ func (g *LargeDBGuard) DetermineStrategy(ctx context.Context, archivePath string
}
return strategy
}
g.log.Info("✅ Large DB Guard: Lock configuration OK for parallel restore",
"max_locks_per_transaction", maxLocks,
"max_connections", maxConns,
"total_capacity", lockCapacity)
if g.cfg.DebugLocks {
g.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Lock check PASSED - parallel restore allowed",
"max_locks", maxLocks,
@ -156,13 +156,13 @@ func (g *LargeDBGuard) DetermineStrategy(ctx context.Context, archivePath string
// All checks passed - safe to use default profile
strategy.Reason = "No large database risks detected"
g.log.Info("✅ Large DB Guard: Safe to use default profile")
if g.cfg.DebugLocks {
g.log.Info("🔍 [LOCK-DEBUG] Final strategy: Default profile (no restrictions)",
"use_conservative", false,
"reason", strategy.Reason)
}
return strategy
}
@ -228,7 +228,7 @@ func (g *LargeDBGuard) checkLockConfiguration(ctx context.Context) (int, int) {
"port", g.cfg.Port,
"user", g.cfg.User)
}
// Build connection string
connStr := fmt.Sprintf("host=%s port=%d user=%s password=%s dbname=postgres sslmode=disable",
g.cfg.Host, g.cfg.Port, g.cfg.User, g.cfg.Password)