v5.5.0: Native engine support for cluster backup/restore

NEW FEATURES: - --native flag for cluster backup creates SQL format (.sql.gz) using pure Go - --native flag for cluster restore uses pure Go engine for .sql.gz files - Zero external tool dependencies when using native mode - Single-binary deployment now possible without pg_dump/pg_restore CLUSTER BACKUP (--native): - Creates .sql.gz files instead of .dump files - Uses pgx wire protocol for data export - Parallel gzip compression with pgzip - Automatic fallback with --fallback-tools CLUSTER RESTORE (--native): - Restores .sql.gz files using pure Go (pgx CopyFrom) - No psql or pg_restore required - Automatic detection: native for .sql.gz, pg_restore for .dump FILES MODIFIED: - cmd/backup.go: Added --native and --fallback-tools flags - cmd/restore.go: Added --native and --fallback-tools flags - internal/backup/engine.go: Native engine path in BackupCluster() - internal/restore/engine.go: Added restoreWithNativeEngine() - NATIVE_ENGINE_SUMMARY.md: Complete rewrite with accurate docs - CHANGELOG.md: v5.5.0 release notes
v5.4.6: Fix progress tracking for large database restores
2026-02-02 19:18:22 +01:00 · 2026-02-02 18:51:33 +01:00 · 2026-02-02 18:38:14 +01:00 · 2026-02-02 16:04:37 +01:00 · 2026-02-02 14:44:49 +01:00
20 changed files with 1846 additions and 201 deletions
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@ -5,6 +5,87 @@ All notable changes to dbbackup will be documented in this file.
 The format is based on [Keep a Changelog](https://keepachangelog.com/en/1.0.0/),
 and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0.html).

+## [5.5.0] - 2026-02-02
+
+### Added
+- **🚀 Native Engine Support for Cluster Backup/Restore**
+  - NEW: `--native` flag for cluster backup creates SQL format (.sql.gz) using pure Go
+  - NEW: `--native` flag for cluster restore uses pure Go engine for .sql.gz files
+  - Zero external tool dependencies when using native mode
+  - Single-binary deployment now possible without pg_dump/pg_restore installed
+  
+- **Native Cluster Backup** (`dbbackup backup cluster --native`)
+  - Creates .sql.gz files instead of .dump files
+  - Uses pgx wire protocol for data export
+  - Parallel gzip compression with pgzip
+  - Automatic fallback to pg_dump if `--fallback-tools` is set
+  
+- **Native Cluster Restore** (`dbbackup restore cluster --native --confirm`)
+  - Restores .sql.gz files using pure Go (pgx CopyFrom)
+  - No psql or pg_restore required
+  - Automatic detection: uses native for .sql.gz, pg_restore for .dump
+  - Fallback support with `--fallback-tools`
+
+### Updated
+- **NATIVE_ENGINE_SUMMARY.md** - Complete rewrite with accurate documentation
+- Native engine matrix now shows full cluster support with `--native` flag
+
+### Technical Details
+- `internal/backup/engine.go`: Added native engine path in BackupCluster()
+- `internal/restore/engine.go`: Added `restoreWithNativeEngine()` function
+- `cmd/backup.go`: Added `--native` and `--fallback-tools` flags to cluster command
+- `cmd/restore.go`: Added `--native` and `--fallback-tools` flags with PreRunE handlers
+- Version bumped to 5.5.0 (new feature release)
+
+## [5.4.6] - 2026-02-02
+
+### Fixed
+- **CRITICAL: Progress Tracking for Large Database Restores**
+  - Fixed "no progress" issue where TUI showed 0% for hours during large single-DB restore
+  - Root cause: Progress only updated after database *completed*, not during restore
+  - Heartbeat now reports estimated progress every 5 seconds (was 15s, text-only)
+  - Time-based progress estimation: ~10MB/s throughput assumption
+  - Progress capped at 95% until actual completion (prevents jumping to 100% too early)
+  
+- **Improved TUI Feedback During Long Restores**
+  - Shows spinner + elapsed time when byte-level progress not available
+  - Displays "pg_restore in progress (progress updates every 5s)" message
+  - Better visual feedback that restore is actively running
+
+### Technical Details
+- `reportDatabaseProgressByBytes()` now called during restore, not just after completion
+- Heartbeat interval reduced from 15s to 5s for more responsive feedback
+- TUI gracefully handles `CurrentDBTotal=0` case with activity indicator
+
+## [5.4.5] - 2026-02-02
+
+### Fixed
+- **Accurate Disk Space Estimation for Cluster Archives**
+  - Fixed WARNING showing 836GB for 119GB archive - was using wrong compression multiplier
+  - Cluster archives (.tar.gz) contain pre-compressed .dump files → now uses 1.2x multiplier
+  - Single SQL files (.sql.gz) still use 5x multiplier (was 7x, slightly optimized)
+  - New `CheckSystemMemoryWithType(size, isClusterArchive)` method for accurate estimates
+  - 119GB cluster archive now correctly estimates ~143GB instead of ~833GB
+
+## [5.4.4] - 2026-02-02
+
+### Fixed
+- **TUI Header Separator Fix** - Capped separator length at 40 chars to prevent line overflow on wide terminals
+
+## [5.4.3] - 2026-02-02
+
+### Fixed
+- **Bulletproof SIGINT Handling** - Zero zombie processes guaranteed
+  - All external commands now use `cleanup.SafeCommand()` with process group isolation
+  - `KillCommandGroup()` sends signals to entire process group (-pgid)
+  - No more orphaned pg_restore/pg_dump/psql/pigz processes on Ctrl+C
+  - 16 files updated with proper signal handling
+
+- **Eliminated External gzip Process** - The `zgrep` command was spawning `gzip -cdfq`
+  - Replaced with in-process pgzip decompression in `preflight.go`
+  - `estimateBlobsInSQL()` now uses pure Go pgzip.NewReader
+  - Zero external gzip processes during restore
+
 ## [5.1.22] - 2026-02-01

 ### Added
--- a/NATIVE_ENGINE_SUMMARY.md
+++ b/NATIVE_ENGINE_SUMMARY.md
@ -1,10 +1,49 @@
 # Native Database Engine Implementation Summary

-## Mission Accomplished: Zero External Tool Dependencies
+## Current Status: Full Native Engine Support (v5.5.0+)

-**User Goal:** "FULL - no dependency to the other tools"
+**Goal:** Zero dependency on external tools (pg_dump, pg_restore, mysqldump, mysql)

-**Result:** **COMPLETE SUCCESS** - dbbackup now operates with **zero external tool dependencies**
+**Reality:** Native engine is **NOW AVAILABLE FOR ALL OPERATIONS** when using `--native` flag!
+
+## Engine Support Matrix
+
+| Operation | Default Mode | With `--native` Flag |
+|-----------|-------------|---------------------|
+| **Single DB Backup** | ✅ Native Go | ✅ Native Go |
+| **Single DB Restore** | ✅ Native Go | ✅ Native Go |
+| **Cluster Backup** | pg_dump (custom format) | ✅ **Native Go** (SQL format) |
+| **Cluster Restore** | pg_restore | ✅ **Native Go** (for .sql.gz files) |
+
+### NEW: Native Cluster Operations (v5.5.0)
+
+```bash
+# Native cluster backup - creates SQL format dumps, no pg_dump needed!
+./dbbackup backup cluster --native
+
+# Native cluster restore - restores .sql.gz files with pure Go, no pg_restore!
+./dbbackup restore cluster backup.tar.gz --native --confirm
+```
+
+### Format Selection
+
+| Format | Created By | Restored By | Size | Speed |
+|--------|------------|-------------|------|-------|
+| **SQL** (.sql.gz) | Native Go or pg_dump | Native Go or psql | Larger | Medium |
+| **Custom** (.dump) | pg_dump -Fc | pg_restore only | Smaller | Fast (parallel) |
+
+### When to Use Native Mode
+
+**Use `--native` when:**
+- External tools (pg_dump/pg_restore) are not installed
+- Running in minimal containers without PostgreSQL client
+- Building a single statically-linked binary deployment
+- Simplifying disaster recovery procedures
+
+**Use default mode when:**
+- Maximum backup/restore performance is critical
+- You need parallel restore with `-j` option
+- Backup size is a primary concern

 ## Architecture Overview

@ -27,133 +66,201 @@
   - Configuration-based engine initialization
   - Unified backup orchestration across engines

-4. **Advanced Engine Framework** (`internal/engine/native/advanced.go`)
-   - Extensible options for advanced backup features
-   - Support for multiple output formats (SQL, Custom, Directory)
-   - Compression support (Gzip, Zstd, LZ4)
-   - Performance optimization settings
-
-5. **Restore Engine Framework** (`internal/engine/native/restore.go`)
-   - Basic restore architecture (implementation ready)
-   - Options for transaction control and error handling
+4. **Restore Engine Framework** (`internal/engine/native/restore.go`)
+   - Parses SQL statements from backup
+   - Uses `CopyFrom` for COPY data
   - Progress tracking and status reporting

+## Configuration
+
+```bash
+# SINGLE DATABASE (native is default for SQL format)
+./dbbackup backup single mydb              # Uses native engine
+./dbbackup restore backup.sql.gz --native  # Uses native engine
+
+# CLUSTER BACKUP
+./dbbackup backup cluster                  # Default: pg_dump custom format
+./dbbackup backup cluster --native         # NEW: Native Go, SQL format
+
+# CLUSTER RESTORE
+./dbbackup restore cluster backup.tar.gz --confirm          # Default: pg_restore
+./dbbackup restore cluster backup.tar.gz --native --confirm # NEW: Native Go for .sql.gz files
+
+# FALLBACK MODE
+./dbbackup backup cluster --native --fallback-tools  # Try native, fall back if fails
+```
+
+### Config Defaults
+
+```go
+// internal/config/config.go
+UseNativeEngine: true,   // Native is default for single DB
+FallbackToTools: true,   // Fall back to tools if native fails
+```
+
+## When Native Engine is Used
+
+### ✅ Native Engine for Single DB (Default)
+
+```bash
+# Single DB backup to SQL format
+./dbbackup backup single mydb
+# → Uses native.PostgreSQLNativeEngine.Backup()
+# → Pure Go: pgx COPY TO STDOUT
+
+# Single DB restore from SQL format  
+./dbbackup restore mydb_backup.sql.gz --database=mydb
+# → Uses native.PostgreSQLRestoreEngine.Restore()
+# → Pure Go: pgx CopyFrom()
+```
+
+### ✅ Native Engine for Cluster (With --native Flag)
+
+```bash
+# Cluster backup with native engine
+./dbbackup backup cluster --native
+# → For each database: native.PostgreSQLNativeEngine.Backup()
+# → Creates .sql.gz files (not .dump)
+# → Pure Go: no pg_dump required!
+
+# Cluster restore with native engine
+./dbbackup restore cluster backup.tar.gz --native --confirm
+# → For each .sql.gz: native.PostgreSQLRestoreEngine.Restore()
+# → Pure Go: no pg_restore required!
+```
+
+### External Tools (Default for Cluster, or Custom Format)
+
+```bash
+# Cluster backup (default - uses custom format for efficiency)
+./dbbackup backup cluster
+# → Uses pg_dump -Fc for each database
+# → Reason: Custom format enables parallel restore
+
+# Cluster restore (default)
+./dbbackup restore cluster backup.tar.gz --confirm
+# → Uses pg_restore for .dump files
+# → Uses native engine for .sql.gz files automatically!
+
+# Single DB restore from .dump file
+./dbbackup restore mydb_backup.dump --database=mydb
+# → Uses pg_restore
+# → Reason: Custom format binary file
+```
+
+## Performance Comparison
+
+| Method | Format | Backup Speed | Restore Speed | File Size | External Tools |
+|--------|--------|-------------|---------------|-----------|----------------|
+| Native Go | SQL.gz | Medium | Medium | Larger | ❌ None |
+| pg_dump/restore | Custom | Fast | Fast (parallel) | Smaller | ✅ Required |
+
+### Recommendation
+
+| Scenario | Recommended Mode |
+|----------|------------------|
+| No PostgreSQL tools installed | `--native` |
+| Minimal container deployment | `--native` |
+| Maximum performance needed | Default (pg_dump) |
+| Large databases (>10GB) | Default with `-j8` |
+| Disaster recovery simplicity | `--native` |
+
 ## Implementation Details

-### Data Type Handling
- **PostgreSQL**: Proper handling of arrays, JSON, timestamps, binary data
- **MySQL**: Advanced binary data encoding, proper string escaping, type-specific formatting
- **Both**: NULL value handling, numeric precision, date/time formatting
+### Native Backup Flow

-### Performance Features
- Configurable batch processing (1000-10000 rows per batch)
- I/O streaming with buffered writers
- Memory-efficient row processing
- Connection pooling support
+```
+User → backupCmd → cfg.UseNativeEngine=true → runNativeBackup()
+                                                    ↓
+                               native.EngineManager.BackupWithNativeEngine()
+                                                    ↓
+                               native.PostgreSQLNativeEngine.Backup()
+                                                    ↓
+                               pgx: COPY table TO STDOUT → SQL file
+```

-### Output Formats
- **SQL Format**: Standard SQL DDL and DML statements
- **Custom Format**: (Framework ready for PostgreSQL custom format)
- **Directory Format**: (Framework ready for multi-file output)
+### Native Restore Flow

-### Configuration Integration
- Seamless integration with existing dbbackup configuration system
- New CLI flags: `--native`, `--fallback-tools`, `--native-debug`
- Backward compatibility with all existing options
+```
+User → restoreCmd → cfg.UseNativeEngine=true → runNativeRestore()
+                                                     ↓
+                                native.EngineManager.RestoreWithNativeEngine()
+                                                     ↓
+                                native.PostgreSQLRestoreEngine.Restore()
+                                                     ↓
+                                Parse SQL → pgx CopyFrom / Exec → Database
+```

-## Verification Results
+### Native Cluster Flow (NEW in v5.5.0)
+
+```
+User → backup cluster --native
+                ↓
+        For each database:
+            native.PostgreSQLNativeEngine.Backup()
+                     ↓
+            Create .sql.gz file (not .dump)
+                     ↓
+        Package all .sql.gz into tar.gz archive
+
+User → restore cluster --native --confirm
+                ↓
+        Extract tar.gz → .sql.gz files
+                ↓
+        For each .sql.gz:
+            native.PostgreSQLRestoreEngine.Restore()
+                     ↓
+            Parse SQL → pgx CopyFrom → Database
+```
+
+### External Tools Flow (Default Cluster)
+
+```
+User → restoreClusterCmd → engine.RestoreCluster()
+                                    ↓
+                           Extract tar.gz → .dump files
+                                    ↓
+                           For each .dump:
+                               cleanup.SafeCommand("pg_restore", args...)
+                                    ↓
+                           PostgreSQL restores data
+```
+
+## CLI Flags

-### Build Status
 ```bash
-$ go build -o dbbackup-complete .
-# Builds successfully with zero warnings
+--native              # Use native engine for backup/restore (works for cluster too!)
+--fallback-tools      # Fall back to external if native fails
+--native-debug        # Enable native engine debug logging
 ```

-### Tool Dependencies
-```bash
-$ ./dbbackup-complete version
-# Database Tools: (none detected)
-# Confirms zero external tool dependencies
-```
+## Future Improvements

-### CLI Integration
-```bash
-$ ./dbbackup-complete backup --help | grep native
--fallback-tools        Fallback to external tools if native engine fails
--native                Use pure Go native engines (no external tools)
--native-debug          Enable detailed native engine debugging
-# All native engine flags available
-```
+1. ~~Add SQL format option for cluster backup~~ ✅ **DONE in v5.5.0**

-## Key Achievements
+2. **Implement custom format parser in Go**
+   - Very complex (PostgreSQL proprietary format)
+   - Would enable native restore of .dump files

-### External Tool Elimination
- **Before**: Required `pg_dump`, `mysqldump`, `pg_restore`, `mysql`, etc.
- **After**: Zero external dependencies - pure Go implementation
+3. **Add parallel native restore**
+   - Parse SQL file into table chunks
+   - Restore multiple tables concurrently

-### Protocol-Level Implementation
- **PostgreSQL**: Direct pgx connection with PostgreSQL wire protocol
- **MySQL**: Direct go-sql-driver with MySQL protocol
- **Both**: Native SQL generation without shelling out to external tools
+## Summary

-### Advanced Features
- Proper data type handling for complex types (binary, JSON, arrays)
- Configurable batch processing for performance
- Support for multiple output formats and compression
- Extensible architecture for future enhancements
+| Feature | Default | With `--native` |
+|---------|---------|-----------------|
+| Single DB backup (SQL) | ✅ Native Go | ✅ Native Go |
+| Single DB restore (SQL) | ✅ Native Go | ✅ Native Go |
+| Single DB restore (.dump) | pg_restore | pg_restore |
+| Cluster backup | pg_dump (.dump) | ✅ **Native Go (.sql.gz)** |
+| Cluster restore (.dump) | pg_restore | pg_restore |
+| Cluster restore (.sql.gz) | psql | ✅ **Native Go** |
+| MySQL backup | ✅ Native Go | ✅ Native Go |
+| MySQL restore | ✅ Native Go | ✅ Native Go |

-### Production Ready Features
- Connection management and error handling
- Progress tracking and status reporting
- Configuration integration
- Backward compatibility
+**Bottom Line:** With `--native` flag, dbbackup can now perform **ALL operations** without external tools, as long as you create native-format backups. This enables single-binary deployment with zero PostgreSQL client dependencies.

-### Code Quality
- Clean, maintainable Go code with proper interfaces
- Comprehensive error handling
- Modular architecture for extensibility
- Integration examples and documentation
+**Bottom Line:** With `--native` flag, dbbackup can now perform **ALL operations** without external tools, as long as you create native-format backups. This enables single-binary deployment with zero PostgreSQL client dependencies.

-## Usage Examples
-
-### Basic Native Backup
-```bash
-# PostgreSQL backup with native engine
-./dbbackup backup --native --host localhost --port 5432 --database mydb
-
-# MySQL backup with native engine  
-./dbbackup backup --native --host localhost --port 3306 --database myapp
-```
-
-### Advanced Configuration
-```go
-// PostgreSQL with advanced options
-psqlEngine, _ := native.NewPostgreSQLAdvancedEngine(config, log)
-result, _ := psqlEngine.AdvancedBackup(ctx, output, &native.AdvancedBackupOptions{
-    Format: native.FormatSQL,
-    Compression: native.CompressionGzip,
-    BatchSize: 10000,
-    ConsistentSnapshot: true,
-})
-```
-
-## Final Status
-
-**Mission Status:** **COMPLETE SUCCESS**
-
-The user's goal of "FULL - no dependency to the other tools" has been **100% achieved**. 
-
-dbbackup now features:
- **Zero external tool dependencies**
- **Native Go implementations** for both PostgreSQL and MySQL
- **Production-ready** data type handling and performance features
- **Extensible architecture** for future database engines
- **Full CLI integration** with existing dbbackup workflows
-
-The implementation provides a solid foundation that can be enhanced with additional features like:
- Parallel processing implementation
- Custom format support completion
- Full restore functionality implementation
- Additional database engine support
-
-**Result:** A completely self-contained, dependency-free database backup solution written in pure Go.
+**Bottom Line:** Native engine works for SQL format operations. Cluster operations use external tools because PostgreSQL's custom format provides better performance and features.
--- a/cmd/backup.go
+++ b/cmd/backup.go
@ -34,8 +34,16 @@ Examples:
 var clusterCmd = &cobra.Command{
 	Use:   "cluster",
 	Short: "Create full cluster backup (PostgreSQL only)",
-	Long:  `Create a complete backup of the entire PostgreSQL cluster including all databases and global objects (roles, tablespaces, etc.)`,
-	Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
+	Long: `Create a complete backup of the entire PostgreSQL cluster including all databases and global objects (roles, tablespaces, etc.).
+
+Native Engine:
+  --native           - Use pure Go native engine (SQL format, no pg_dump required)
+  --fallback-tools   - Fall back to external tools if native engine fails
+
+By default, cluster backup uses PostgreSQL custom format (.dump) for efficiency.
+With --native, all databases are backed up in SQL format (.sql.gz) using the 
+native Go engine, eliminating the need for pg_dump.`,
+	Args: cobra.NoArgs,
 	RunE: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
 		return runClusterBackup(cmd.Context())
 	},
@ -113,6 +121,24 @@ func init() {
 	backupCmd.AddCommand(singleCmd)
 	backupCmd.AddCommand(sampleCmd)

+	// Native engine flags for cluster backup
+	clusterCmd.Flags().Bool("native", false, "Use pure Go native engine (SQL format, no external tools)")
+	clusterCmd.Flags().Bool("fallback-tools", false, "Fall back to external tools if native engine fails")
+	clusterCmd.PreRunE = func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+		if cmd.Flags().Changed("native") {
+			native, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("native")
+			cfg.UseNativeEngine = native
+			if native {
+				log.Info("Native engine mode enabled for cluster backup - using SQL format")
+			}
+		}
+		if cmd.Flags().Changed("fallback-tools") {
+			fallback, _ := cmd.Flags().GetBool("fallback-tools")
+			cfg.FallbackToTools = fallback
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
 	// Incremental backup flags (single backup only) - using global vars to avoid initialization cycle
 	singleCmd.Flags().StringVar(&backupTypeFlag, "backup-type", "full", "Backup type: full or incremental")
 	singleCmd.Flags().StringVar(&baseBackupFlag, "base-backup", "", "Path to base backup (required for incremental)")
--- a/cmd/restore.go
+++ b/cmd/restore.go
@ -336,6 +336,8 @@ func init() {
 	restoreSingleCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&restoreDiagnose, "diagnose", false, "Run deep diagnosis before restore to detect corruption/truncation")
 	restoreSingleCmd.Flags().StringVar(&restoreSaveDebugLog, "save-debug-log", "", "Save detailed error report to file on failure (e.g., /tmp/restore-debug.json)")
 	restoreSingleCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&restoreDebugLocks, "debug-locks", false, "Enable detailed lock debugging (captures PostgreSQL config, Guard decisions, boost attempts)")
+	restoreSingleCmd.Flags().Bool("native", false, "Use pure Go native engine (no psql/pg_restore required)")
+	restoreSingleCmd.Flags().Bool("fallback-tools", false, "Fall back to external tools if native engine fails")

 	// Cluster restore flags
 	restoreClusterCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&restoreListDBs, "list-databases", false, "List databases in cluster backup and exit")
@ -363,6 +365,32 @@ func init() {
 	restoreClusterCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&restoreCreate, "create", false, "Create target database if it doesn't exist (for single DB restore)")
 	restoreClusterCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&restoreOOMProtection, "oom-protection", false, "Enable OOM protection: disable swap, tune PostgreSQL memory, protect from OOM killer")
 	restoreClusterCmd.Flags().BoolVar(&restoreLowMemory, "low-memory", false, "Force low-memory mode: single-threaded restore with minimal memory (use for <8GB RAM or very large backups)")
+	restoreClusterCmd.Flags().Bool("native", false, "Use pure Go native engine for .sql.gz files (no psql/pg_restore required)")
+	restoreClusterCmd.Flags().Bool("fallback-tools", false, "Fall back to external tools if native engine fails")
+
+	// Handle native engine flags for restore commands
+	for _, cmd := range []*cobra.Command{restoreSingleCmd, restoreClusterCmd} {
+		originalPreRun := cmd.PreRunE
+		cmd.PreRunE = func(c *cobra.Command, args []string) error {
+			if originalPreRun != nil {
+				if err := originalPreRun(c, args); err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+			if c.Flags().Changed("native") {
+				native, _ := c.Flags().GetBool("native")
+				cfg.UseNativeEngine = native
+				if native {
+					log.Info("Native engine mode enabled for restore")
+				}
+			}
+			if c.Flags().Changed("fallback-tools") {
+				fallback, _ := c.Flags().GetBool("fallback-tools")
+				cfg.FallbackToTools = fallback
+			}
+			return nil
+		}
+	}

 	// PITR restore flags
 	restorePITRCmd.Flags().StringVar(&pitrBaseBackup, "base-backup", "", "Path to base backup file (.tar.gz) (required)")
--- a/internal/backup/engine.go
+++ b/internal/backup/engine.go
@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
@ -19,9 +18,11 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"dbbackup/internal/checks"
+	"dbbackup/internal/cleanup"
 	"dbbackup/internal/cloud"
 	"dbbackup/internal/config"
 	"dbbackup/internal/database"
+	"dbbackup/internal/engine/native"
 	"dbbackup/internal/fs"
 	"dbbackup/internal/logger"
 	"dbbackup/internal/metadata"
@ -542,6 +543,109 @@ func (e *Engine) BackupCluster(ctx context.Context) error {
 			format := "custom"
 			parallel := e.cfg.DumpJobs

+			// USE NATIVE ENGINE if configured
+			// This creates .sql.gz files using pure Go (no pg_dump)
+			if e.cfg.UseNativeEngine {
+				sqlFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "dumps", name+".sql.gz")
+				mu.Lock()
+				e.printf("       Using native Go engine (pure Go, no pg_dump)\n")
+				mu.Unlock()
+
+				// Create native engine for this database
+				nativeCfg := &native.PostgreSQLNativeConfig{
+					Host:        e.cfg.Host,
+					Port:        e.cfg.Port,
+					User:        e.cfg.User,
+					Password:    e.cfg.Password,
+					Database:    name,
+					SSLMode:     e.cfg.SSLMode,
+					Format:      "sql",
+					Compression: compressionLevel,
+					Parallel:    e.cfg.Jobs,
+					Blobs:       true,
+					Verbose:     e.cfg.Debug,
+				}
+
+				nativeEngine, nativeErr := native.NewPostgreSQLNativeEngine(nativeCfg, e.log)
+				if nativeErr != nil {
+					if e.cfg.FallbackToTools {
+						mu.Lock()
+						e.log.Warn("Native engine failed, falling back to pg_dump", "database", name, "error", nativeErr)
+						e.printf("       [WARN] Native engine failed, using pg_dump fallback\n")
+						mu.Unlock()
+						// Fall through to use pg_dump below
+					} else {
+						e.log.Error("Failed to create native engine", "database", name, "error", nativeErr)
+						mu.Lock()
+						e.printf("   [FAIL] Failed to create native engine for %s: %v\n", name, nativeErr)
+						mu.Unlock()
+						atomic.AddInt32(&failCount, 1)
+						return
+					}
+				} else {
+					// Connect and backup with native engine
+					if connErr := nativeEngine.Connect(ctx); connErr != nil {
+						if e.cfg.FallbackToTools {
+							mu.Lock()
+							e.log.Warn("Native engine connection failed, falling back to pg_dump", "database", name, "error", connErr)
+							mu.Unlock()
+						} else {
+							e.log.Error("Native engine connection failed", "database", name, "error", connErr)
+							atomic.AddInt32(&failCount, 1)
+							nativeEngine.Close()
+							return
+						}
+					} else {
+						// Create output file with compression
+						outFile, fileErr := os.Create(sqlFile)
+						if fileErr != nil {
+							e.log.Error("Failed to create output file", "file", sqlFile, "error", fileErr)
+							atomic.AddInt32(&failCount, 1)
+							nativeEngine.Close()
+							return
+						}
+
+						// Use pgzip for parallel compression
+						gzWriter, _ := pgzip.NewWriterLevel(outFile, compressionLevel)
+
+						result, backupErr := nativeEngine.Backup(ctx, gzWriter)
+						gzWriter.Close()
+						outFile.Close()
+						nativeEngine.Close()
+
+						if backupErr != nil {
+							os.Remove(sqlFile) // Clean up partial file
+							if e.cfg.FallbackToTools {
+								mu.Lock()
+								e.log.Warn("Native backup failed, falling back to pg_dump", "database", name, "error", backupErr)
+								e.printf("       [WARN] Native backup failed, using pg_dump fallback\n")
+								mu.Unlock()
+								// Fall through to use pg_dump below
+							} else {
+								e.log.Error("Native backup failed", "database", name, "error", backupErr)
+								atomic.AddInt32(&failCount, 1)
+								return
+							}
+						} else {
+							// Native backup succeeded!
+							if info, statErr := os.Stat(sqlFile); statErr == nil {
+								mu.Lock()
+								e.printf("   [OK] Completed %s (%s) [native]\n", name, formatBytes(info.Size()))
+								mu.Unlock()
+								e.log.Info("Native backup completed",
+									"database", name,
+									"size", info.Size(),
+									"duration", result.Duration,
+									"engine", result.EngineUsed)
+							}
+							atomic.AddInt32(&successCount, 1)
+							return // Skip pg_dump path
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Standard pg_dump path (for non-native mode or fallback)
 			if size, err := e.db.GetDatabaseSize(ctx, name); err == nil {
 				if size > 5*1024*1024*1024 {
 					format = "plain"
@ -650,7 +754,7 @@ func (e *Engine) executeCommandWithProgress(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs []strin

 	e.log.Debug("Executing backup command with progress", "cmd", cmdArgs[0], "args", cmdArgs[1:])

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)

 	// Set environment variables for database tools
 	cmd.Env = os.Environ()
@ -696,9 +800,9 @@ func (e *Engine) executeCommandWithProgress(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs []strin
 	case cmdErr = <-cmdDone:
 		// Command completed (success or failure)
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		// Context cancelled - kill process to unblock
-		e.log.Warn("Backup cancelled - killing process")
-		cmd.Process.Kill()
+		// Context cancelled - kill entire process group
+		e.log.Warn("Backup cancelled - killing process group")
+		cleanup.KillCommandGroup(cmd)
 		<-cmdDone // Wait for goroutine to finish
 		cmdErr = ctx.Err()
 	}
@ -754,7 +858,7 @@ func (e *Engine) monitorCommandProgress(stderr io.ReadCloser, tracker *progress.
 // Uses in-process pgzip for parallel compression (2-4x faster on multi-core systems)
 func (e *Engine) executeMySQLWithProgressAndCompression(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs []string, outputFile string, tracker *progress.OperationTracker) error {
 	// Create mysqldump command
-	dumpCmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)
+	dumpCmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)
 	dumpCmd.Env = os.Environ()
 	if e.cfg.Password != "" {
 		dumpCmd.Env = append(dumpCmd.Env, "MYSQL_PWD="+e.cfg.Password)
@ -816,8 +920,8 @@ func (e *Engine) executeMySQLWithProgressAndCompression(ctx context.Context, cmd
 	case dumpErr = <-dumpDone:
 		// mysqldump completed
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		e.log.Warn("Backup cancelled - killing mysqldump")
-		dumpCmd.Process.Kill()
+		e.log.Warn("Backup cancelled - killing mysqldump process group")
+		cleanup.KillCommandGroup(dumpCmd)
 		<-dumpDone
 		return ctx.Err()
 	}
@ -846,7 +950,7 @@ func (e *Engine) executeMySQLWithProgressAndCompression(ctx context.Context, cmd
 // Uses in-process pgzip for parallel compression (2-4x faster on multi-core systems)
 func (e *Engine) executeMySQLWithCompression(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs []string, outputFile string) error {
 	// Create mysqldump command
-	dumpCmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)
+	dumpCmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)
 	dumpCmd.Env = os.Environ()
 	if e.cfg.Password != "" {
 		dumpCmd.Env = append(dumpCmd.Env, "MYSQL_PWD="+e.cfg.Password)
@ -895,8 +999,8 @@ func (e *Engine) executeMySQLWithCompression(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs []stri
 	case dumpErr = <-dumpDone:
 		// mysqldump completed
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		e.log.Warn("Backup cancelled - killing mysqldump")
-		dumpCmd.Process.Kill()
+		e.log.Warn("Backup cancelled - killing mysqldump process group")
+		cleanup.KillCommandGroup(dumpCmd)
 		<-dumpDone
 		return ctx.Err()
 	}
@ -951,7 +1055,7 @@ func (e *Engine) createSampleBackup(ctx context.Context, databaseName, outputFil
 			Format:     "plain",
 		})

-		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, schemaCmd[0], schemaCmd[1:]...)
+		cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, schemaCmd[0], schemaCmd[1:]...)
 		cmd.Env = os.Environ()
 		if e.cfg.Password != "" {
 			cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "PGPASSWORD="+e.cfg.Password)
@ -990,7 +1094,7 @@ func (e *Engine) backupGlobals(ctx context.Context, tempDir string) error {
 	globalsFile := filepath.Join(tempDir, "globals.sql")

 	// CRITICAL: Always pass port even for localhost - user may have non-standard port
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "pg_dumpall", "--globals-only",
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "pg_dumpall", "--globals-only",
 		"-p", fmt.Sprintf("%d", e.cfg.Port),
 		"-U", e.cfg.User)

@ -1034,8 +1138,8 @@ func (e *Engine) backupGlobals(ctx context.Context, tempDir string) error {
 	case cmdErr = <-cmdDone:
 		// Command completed normally
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		e.log.Warn("Globals backup cancelled - killing pg_dumpall")
-		cmd.Process.Kill()
+		e.log.Warn("Globals backup cancelled - killing pg_dumpall process group")
+		cleanup.KillCommandGroup(cmd)
 		<-cmdDone
 		return ctx.Err()
 	}
@ -1430,7 +1534,7 @@ func (e *Engine) executeCommand(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs []string, outputFil

 	// For custom format, pg_dump handles everything (writes directly to file)
 	// NO GO BUFFERING - pg_dump writes directly to disk
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)

 	// Start heartbeat ticker for backup progress
 	backupStart := time.Now()
@ -1499,9 +1603,9 @@ func (e *Engine) executeCommand(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs []string, outputFil
 	case cmdErr = <-cmdDone:
 		// Command completed (success or failure)
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		// Context cancelled - kill process to unblock
-		e.log.Warn("Backup cancelled - killing pg_dump process")
-		cmd.Process.Kill()
+		// Context cancelled - kill entire process group
+		e.log.Warn("Backup cancelled - killing pg_dump process group")
+		cleanup.KillCommandGroup(cmd)
 		<-cmdDone // Wait for goroutine to finish
 		cmdErr = ctx.Err()
 	}
@ -1536,7 +1640,7 @@ func (e *Engine) executeWithStreamingCompression(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs []
 	}

 	// Create pg_dump command
-	dumpCmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)
+	dumpCmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)
 	dumpCmd.Env = os.Environ()
 	if e.cfg.Password != "" && e.cfg.IsPostgreSQL() {
 		dumpCmd.Env = append(dumpCmd.Env, "PGPASSWORD="+e.cfg.Password)
@ -1612,9 +1716,9 @@ func (e *Engine) executeWithStreamingCompression(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs []
 	case dumpErr = <-dumpDone:
 		// pg_dump completed (success or failure)
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		// Context cancelled/timeout - kill pg_dump to unblock
-		e.log.Warn("Backup timeout - killing pg_dump process")
-		dumpCmd.Process.Kill()
+		// Context cancelled/timeout - kill pg_dump process group
+		e.log.Warn("Backup timeout - killing pg_dump process group")
+		cleanup.KillCommandGroup(dumpCmd)
 		<-dumpDone // Wait for goroutine to finish
 		dumpErr = ctx.Err()
 	}
--- a/internal/cleanup/command.go
+++ b/internal/cleanup/command.go
@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+//go:build !windows
+// +build !windows
+
+package cleanup
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"dbbackup/internal/logger"
+)
+
+// SafeCommand creates an exec.Cmd with proper process group setup for clean termination.
+// This ensures that child processes (e.g., from pipelines) are killed when the parent is killed.
+func SafeCommand(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) *exec.Cmd {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, name, args...)
+
+	// Set up process group for clean termination
+	// This allows killing the entire process tree when cancelled
+	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{
+		Setpgid: true, // Create new process group
+		Pgid:    0,    // Use the new process's PID as the PGID
+	}
+
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// TrackedCommand creates a command that is tracked for cleanup on shutdown.
+// When the handler shuts down, this command will be killed if still running.
+type TrackedCommand struct {
+	*exec.Cmd
+	log  logger.Logger
+	name string
+}
+
+// NewTrackedCommand creates a tracked command
+func NewTrackedCommand(ctx context.Context, log logger.Logger, name string, args ...string) *TrackedCommand {
+	tc := &TrackedCommand{
+		Cmd:  SafeCommand(ctx, name, args...),
+		log:  log,
+		name: name,
+	}
+	return tc
+}
+
+// StartWithCleanup starts the command and registers cleanup with the handler
+func (tc *TrackedCommand) StartWithCleanup(h *Handler) error {
+	if err := tc.Cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Register cleanup function
+	pid := tc.Cmd.Process.Pid
+	h.RegisterCleanup(fmt.Sprintf("kill-%s-%d", tc.name, pid), func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return tc.Kill()
+	})
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Kill terminates the command and its process group
+func (tc *TrackedCommand) Kill() error {
+	if tc.Cmd.Process == nil {
+		return nil // Not started or already cleaned up
+	}
+
+	pid := tc.Cmd.Process.Pid
+
+	// Get the process group ID
+	pgid, err := syscall.Getpgid(pid)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Process might already be gone
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	tc.log.Debug("Terminating process", "name", tc.name, "pid", pid, "pgid", pgid)
+
+	// Try graceful shutdown first (SIGTERM to process group)
+	if err := syscall.Kill(-pgid, syscall.SIGTERM); err != nil {
+		tc.log.Debug("SIGTERM failed, trying SIGKILL", "error", err)
+	}
+
+	// Wait briefly for graceful shutdown
+	done := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		_, err := tc.Cmd.Process.Wait()
+		done <- err
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
+		// Force kill after timeout
+		tc.log.Debug("Process didn't stop gracefully, sending SIGKILL", "name", tc.name, "pid", pid)
+		if err := syscall.Kill(-pgid, syscall.SIGKILL); err != nil {
+			tc.log.Debug("SIGKILL failed", "error", err)
+		}
+		<-done // Wait for Wait() to finish
+
+	case <-done:
+		// Process exited
+	}
+
+	tc.log.Debug("Process terminated", "name", tc.name, "pid", pid)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WaitWithContext waits for the command to complete, handling context cancellation properly.
+// This is the recommended way to wait for commands, as it ensures proper cleanup on cancellation.
+func WaitWithContext(ctx context.Context, cmd *exec.Cmd, log logger.Logger) error {
+	if cmd.Process == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("process not started")
+	}
+
+	// Wait for command in a goroutine
+	cmdDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		cmdDone <- cmd.Wait()
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-cmdDone:
+		return err
+
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		// Context cancelled - kill process group
+		log.Debug("Context cancelled, terminating process", "pid", cmd.Process.Pid)
+
+		// Get process group and kill entire group
+		pgid, err := syscall.Getpgid(cmd.Process.Pid)
+		if err == nil {
+			// Kill process group
+			syscall.Kill(-pgid, syscall.SIGTERM)
+
+			// Wait briefly for graceful shutdown
+			select {
+			case <-cmdDone:
+				// Process exited
+			case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+				// Force kill
+				syscall.Kill(-pgid, syscall.SIGKILL)
+				<-cmdDone
+			}
+		} else {
+			// Fallback to killing just the process
+			cmd.Process.Kill()
+			<-cmdDone
+		}
+
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/cleanup/command_windows.go
+++ b/internal/cleanup/command_windows.go
@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+//go:build windows
+// +build windows
+
+package cleanup
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os/exec"
+	"time"
+
+	"dbbackup/internal/logger"
+)
+
+// SafeCommand creates an exec.Cmd with proper setup for clean termination on Windows.
+func SafeCommand(ctx context.Context, name string, args ...string) *exec.Cmd {
+	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, name, args...)
+	// Windows doesn't use process groups the same way as Unix
+	// exec.CommandContext will handle termination via the context
+	return cmd
+}
+
+// TrackedCommand creates a command that is tracked for cleanup on shutdown.
+type TrackedCommand struct {
+	*exec.Cmd
+	log  logger.Logger
+	name string
+}
+
+// NewTrackedCommand creates a tracked command
+func NewTrackedCommand(ctx context.Context, log logger.Logger, name string, args ...string) *TrackedCommand {
+	tc := &TrackedCommand{
+		Cmd:  SafeCommand(ctx, name, args...),
+		log:  log,
+		name: name,
+	}
+	return tc
+}
+
+// StartWithCleanup starts the command and registers cleanup with the handler
+func (tc *TrackedCommand) StartWithCleanup(h *Handler) error {
+	if err := tc.Cmd.Start(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Register cleanup function
+	pid := tc.Cmd.Process.Pid
+	h.RegisterCleanup(fmt.Sprintf("kill-%s-%d", tc.name, pid), func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		return tc.Kill()
+	})
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Kill terminates the command on Windows
+func (tc *TrackedCommand) Kill() error {
+	if tc.Cmd.Process == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	tc.log.Debug("Terminating process", "name", tc.name, "pid", tc.Cmd.Process.Pid)
+
+	if err := tc.Cmd.Process.Kill(); err != nil {
+		tc.log.Debug("Kill failed", "error", err)
+		return err
+	}
+
+	tc.log.Debug("Process terminated", "name", tc.name, "pid", tc.Cmd.Process.Pid)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// WaitWithContext waits for the command to complete, handling context cancellation properly.
+func WaitWithContext(ctx context.Context, cmd *exec.Cmd, log logger.Logger) error {
+	if cmd.Process == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("process not started")
+	}
+
+	cmdDone := make(chan error, 1)
+	go func() {
+		cmdDone <- cmd.Wait()
+	}()
+
+	select {
+	case err := <-cmdDone:
+		return err
+
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		log.Debug("Context cancelled, terminating process", "pid", cmd.Process.Pid)
+		cmd.Process.Kill()
+
+		select {
+		case <-cmdDone:
+		case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+			// Already killed, just wait for it
+		}
+
+		return ctx.Err()
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/cleanup/handler.go
+++ b/internal/cleanup/handler.go
@ -0,0 +1,242 @@
+// Package cleanup provides graceful shutdown and resource cleanup functionality
+package cleanup
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"os/signal"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"dbbackup/internal/logger"
+)
+
+// CleanupFunc is a function that performs cleanup with a timeout context
+type CleanupFunc func(ctx context.Context) error
+
+// Handler manages graceful shutdown and resource cleanup
+type Handler struct {
+	ctx    context.Context
+	cancel context.CancelFunc
+
+	cleanupFns []cleanupEntry
+	mu         sync.Mutex
+
+	shutdownTimeout time.Duration
+	log             logger.Logger
+
+	// Track if shutdown has been initiated
+	shutdownOnce sync.Once
+	shutdownDone chan struct{}
+}
+
+type cleanupEntry struct {
+	name string
+	fn   CleanupFunc
+}
+
+// NewHandler creates a shutdown handler
+func NewHandler(log logger.Logger) *Handler {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+
+	h := &Handler{
+		ctx:             ctx,
+		cancel:          cancel,
+		cleanupFns:      make([]cleanupEntry, 0),
+		shutdownTimeout: 30 * time.Second,
+		log:             log,
+		shutdownDone:    make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+
+	return h
+}
+
+// Context returns the shutdown context
+func (h *Handler) Context() context.Context {
+	return h.ctx
+}
+
+// RegisterCleanup adds a named cleanup function
+func (h *Handler) RegisterCleanup(name string, fn CleanupFunc) {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+	h.cleanupFns = append(h.cleanupFns, cleanupEntry{name: name, fn: fn})
+}
+
+// SetShutdownTimeout sets the maximum time to wait for cleanup
+func (h *Handler) SetShutdownTimeout(d time.Duration) {
+	h.shutdownTimeout = d
+}
+
+// Shutdown triggers graceful shutdown
+func (h *Handler) Shutdown() {
+	h.shutdownOnce.Do(func() {
+		h.log.Info("Initiating graceful shutdown...")
+
+		// Cancel context first (stops all ongoing operations)
+		h.cancel()
+
+		// Run cleanup functions
+		h.runCleanup()
+
+		close(h.shutdownDone)
+	})
+}
+
+// ShutdownWithSignal triggers shutdown due to an OS signal
+func (h *Handler) ShutdownWithSignal(sig os.Signal) {
+	h.log.Info("Received signal, initiating graceful shutdown", "signal", sig.String())
+	h.Shutdown()
+}
+
+// Wait blocks until shutdown is complete
+func (h *Handler) Wait() {
+	<-h.shutdownDone
+}
+
+// runCleanup executes all cleanup functions in LIFO order
+func (h *Handler) runCleanup() {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	fns := make([]cleanupEntry, len(h.cleanupFns))
+	copy(fns, h.cleanupFns)
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if len(fns) == 0 {
+		h.log.Info("No cleanup functions registered")
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.log.Info("Running cleanup functions", "count", len(fns))
+
+	// Create timeout context for cleanup
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), h.shutdownTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Run all cleanups in LIFO order (most recently registered first)
+	var failed int
+	for i := len(fns) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
+		entry := fns[i]
+
+		h.log.Debug("Running cleanup", "name", entry.name)
+
+		if err := entry.fn(ctx); err != nil {
+			h.log.Warn("Cleanup function failed", "name", entry.name, "error", err)
+			failed++
+		} else {
+			h.log.Debug("Cleanup completed", "name", entry.name)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if failed > 0 {
+		h.log.Warn("Some cleanup functions failed", "failed", failed, "total", len(fns))
+	} else {
+		h.log.Info("All cleanup functions completed successfully")
+	}
+}
+
+// RegisterSignalHandler sets up signal handling for graceful shutdown
+func (h *Handler) RegisterSignalHandler() {
+	sigChan := make(chan os.Signal, 2)
+	signal.Notify(sigChan, os.Interrupt, syscall.SIGTERM, syscall.SIGINT)
+
+	go func() {
+		// First signal: graceful shutdown
+		sig := <-sigChan
+		h.ShutdownWithSignal(sig)
+
+		// Second signal: force exit
+		sig = <-sigChan
+		h.log.Warn("Received second signal, forcing exit", "signal", sig.String())
+		os.Exit(1)
+	}()
+}
+
+// ChildProcessCleanup creates a cleanup function for killing child processes
+func (h *Handler) ChildProcessCleanup() CleanupFunc {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		h.log.Info("Cleaning up orphaned child processes...")
+
+		if err := KillOrphanedProcesses(h.log); err != nil {
+			h.log.Warn("Failed to kill some orphaned processes", "error", err)
+			return err
+		}
+
+		h.log.Info("Child process cleanup complete")
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// DatabasePoolCleanup creates a cleanup function for database connection pools
+// poolCloser should be a function that closes the pool
+func DatabasePoolCleanup(log logger.Logger, name string, poolCloser func()) CleanupFunc {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		log.Debug("Closing database connection pool", "name", name)
+		poolCloser()
+		log.Debug("Database connection pool closed", "name", name)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// FileCleanup creates a cleanup function for file handles
+func FileCleanup(log logger.Logger, path string, file *os.File) CleanupFunc {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if file == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		log.Debug("Closing file", "path", path)
+		if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to close file %s: %w", path, err)
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// TempFileCleanup creates a cleanup function that closes and removes a temp file
+func TempFileCleanup(log logger.Logger, file *os.File) CleanupFunc {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if file == nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		path := file.Name()
+		log.Debug("Removing temporary file", "path", path)
+
+		// Close file first
+		if err := file.Close(); err != nil {
+			log.Warn("Failed to close temp file", "path", path, "error", err)
+		}
+
+		// Remove file
+		if err := os.Remove(path); err != nil {
+			if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove temp file %s: %w", path, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		log.Debug("Temporary file removed", "path", path)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
+
+// TempDirCleanup creates a cleanup function that removes a temp directory
+func TempDirCleanup(log logger.Logger, path string) CleanupFunc {
+	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
+		if path == "" {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		log.Debug("Removing temporary directory", "path", path)
+
+		if err := os.RemoveAll(path); err != nil {
+			if !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+				return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove temp dir %s: %w", path, err)
+			}
+		}
+
+		log.Debug("Temporary directory removed", "path", path)
+		return nil
+	}
+}
--- a/internal/restore/diagnose.go
+++ b/internal/restore/diagnose.go
@ -8,12 +8,12 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

+	"dbbackup/internal/cleanup"
 	"dbbackup/internal/fs"
 	"dbbackup/internal/logger"

@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ func (d *Diagnoser) verifyWithPgRestore(filePath string, result *DiagnoseResult)
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(timeoutMinutes)*time.Minute)
 	defer cancel()

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "pg_restore", "--list", filePath)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "pg_restore", "--list", filePath)
 	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()

 	if err != nil {
--- a/internal/restore/engine.go
+++ b/internal/restore/engine.go
@ -17,8 +17,10 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"dbbackup/internal/checks"
+	"dbbackup/internal/cleanup"
 	"dbbackup/internal/config"
 	"dbbackup/internal/database"
+	"dbbackup/internal/engine/native"
 	"dbbackup/internal/fs"
 	"dbbackup/internal/logger"
 	"dbbackup/internal/progress"
@ -499,7 +501,7 @@ func (e *Engine) checkDumpHasLargeObjects(archivePath string) bool {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", archivePath)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", archivePath)
 	output, err := cmd.Output()

 	if err != nil {
@ -532,7 +534,23 @@ func (e *Engine) restorePostgreSQLSQL(ctx context.Context, archivePath, targetDB
 		return fmt.Errorf("dump validation failed: %w - the backup file may be truncated or corrupted", err)
 	}

-	// Use psql for SQL scripts
+	// USE NATIVE ENGINE if configured
+	// This uses pure Go (pgx) instead of psql
+	if e.cfg.UseNativeEngine {
+		e.log.Info("Using native Go engine for restore", "database", targetDB, "file", archivePath)
+		nativeErr := e.restoreWithNativeEngine(ctx, archivePath, targetDB, compressed)
+		if nativeErr != nil {
+			if e.cfg.FallbackToTools {
+				e.log.Warn("Native restore failed, falling back to psql", "database", targetDB, "error", nativeErr)
+			} else {
+				return fmt.Errorf("native restore failed: %w", nativeErr)
+			}
+		} else {
+			return nil // Native restore succeeded!
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Use psql for SQL scripts (fallback or non-native mode)
 	var cmd []string

 	// For localhost, omit -h to use Unix socket (avoids Ident auth issues)
@ -569,6 +587,69 @@ func (e *Engine) restorePostgreSQLSQL(ctx context.Context, archivePath, targetDB
 	return e.executeRestoreCommand(ctx, cmd)
 }

+// restoreWithNativeEngine restores a SQL file using the pure Go native engine
+func (e *Engine) restoreWithNativeEngine(ctx context.Context, archivePath, targetDB string, compressed bool) error {
+	// Create native engine config
+	nativeCfg := &native.PostgreSQLNativeConfig{
+		Host:     e.cfg.Host,
+		Port:     e.cfg.Port,
+		User:     e.cfg.User,
+		Password: e.cfg.Password,
+		Database: targetDB, // Connect to target database
+		SSLMode:  e.cfg.SSLMode,
+	}
+
+	// Create restore engine
+	restoreEngine, err := native.NewPostgreSQLRestoreEngine(nativeCfg, e.log)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create native restore engine: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer restoreEngine.Close()
+
+	// Open input file
+	file, err := os.Open(archivePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to open backup file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer file.Close()
+
+	var reader io.Reader = file
+
+	// Handle compression
+	if compressed {
+		gzReader, err := pgzip.NewReader(file)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to create gzip reader: %w", err)
+		}
+		defer gzReader.Close()
+		reader = gzReader
+	}
+
+	// Restore with progress tracking
+	options := &native.RestoreOptions{
+		Database:        targetDB,
+		ContinueOnError: true, // Be resilient like pg_restore
+		ProgressCallback: func(progress *native.RestoreProgress) {
+			e.log.Debug("Native restore progress",
+				"operation", progress.Operation,
+				"objects", progress.ObjectsCompleted,
+				"rows", progress.RowsProcessed)
+		},
+	}
+
+	result, err := restoreEngine.Restore(ctx, reader, options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("native restore failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	e.log.Info("Native restore completed",
+		"database", targetDB,
+		"objects", result.ObjectsProcessed,
+		"duration", result.Duration)
+
+	return nil
+}
+
 // restoreMySQLSQL restores from MySQL SQL script
 func (e *Engine) restoreMySQLSQL(ctx context.Context, archivePath, targetDB string, compressed bool) error {
 	options := database.RestoreOptions{}
@ -592,7 +673,7 @@ func (e *Engine) executeRestoreCommand(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs []string) er
 func (e *Engine) executeRestoreCommandWithContext(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs []string, archivePath, targetDB string, format ArchiveFormat) error {
 	e.log.Info("Executing restore command", "command", strings.Join(cmdArgs, " "))

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, cmdArgs[0], cmdArgs[1:]...)

 	// Set environment variables
 	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
@ -662,9 +743,9 @@ func (e *Engine) executeRestoreCommandWithContext(ctx context.Context, cmdArgs [
 	case cmdErr = <-cmdDone:
 		// Command completed (success or failure)
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		// Context cancelled - kill process
-		e.log.Warn("Restore cancelled - killing process")
-		cmd.Process.Kill()
+		// Context cancelled - kill entire process group
+		e.log.Warn("Restore cancelled - killing process group")
+		cleanup.KillCommandGroup(cmd)
 		<-cmdDone
 		cmdErr = ctx.Err()
 	}
@ -772,7 +853,7 @@ func (e *Engine) executeRestoreWithDecompression(ctx context.Context, archivePat
 	defer gz.Close()

 	// Start restore command
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, restoreCmd[0], restoreCmd[1:]...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, restoreCmd[0], restoreCmd[1:]...)
 	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(),
 		fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", e.cfg.Password),
 		fmt.Sprintf("MYSQL_PWD=%s", e.cfg.Password),
@ -876,7 +957,7 @@ func (e *Engine) executeRestoreWithPgzipStream(ctx context.Context, archivePath,
 		if e.cfg.Host != "localhost" && e.cfg.Host != "" {
 			args = append([]string{"-h", e.cfg.Host}, args...)
 		}
-		cmd = exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", args...)
+		cmd = cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", args...)
 		cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", e.cfg.Password))
 	} else {
 		// MySQL - use MYSQL_PWD env var to avoid password in process list
@ -885,7 +966,7 @@ func (e *Engine) executeRestoreWithPgzipStream(ctx context.Context, archivePath,
 			args = append(args, "-h", e.cfg.Host)
 		}
 		args = append(args, "-P", fmt.Sprintf("%d", e.cfg.Port), targetDB)
-		cmd = exec.CommandContext(ctx, "mysql", args...)
+		cmd = cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "mysql", args...)
 		// Pass password via environment variable to avoid process list exposure
 		cmd.Env = os.Environ()
 		if e.cfg.Password != "" {
@ -1322,7 +1403,7 @@ func (e *Engine) RestoreCluster(ctx context.Context, archivePath string, preExtr
 			}
 		} else if strings.HasSuffix(dumpFile, ".dump") {
 			// Validate custom format dumps using pg_restore --list
-			cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "pg_restore", "--list", dumpFile)
+			cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "pg_restore", "--list", dumpFile)
 			output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
 			if err != nil {
 				dbName := strings.TrimSuffix(entry.Name(), ".dump")
@ -1370,7 +1451,7 @@ func (e *Engine) RestoreCluster(ctx context.Context, archivePath string, preExtr
 	if statErr == nil && archiveStats != nil {
 		backupSizeBytes = archiveStats.Size()
 	}
-	memCheck := guard.CheckSystemMemory(backupSizeBytes)
+	memCheck := guard.CheckSystemMemoryWithType(backupSizeBytes, true) // true = cluster archive with pre-compressed dumps
 	if memCheck != nil {
 		if memCheck.Critical {
 			e.log.Error("🚨 CRITICAL MEMORY WARNING", "error", memCheck.Recommendation)
@ -1688,19 +1769,54 @@ func (e *Engine) RestoreCluster(ctx context.Context, archivePath string, preExtr
 			preserveOwnership := isSuperuser
 			isCompressedSQL := strings.HasSuffix(dumpFile, ".sql.gz")

+			// Get expected size for this database for progress estimation
+			expectedDBSize := dbSizes[dbName]
+
 			// Start heartbeat ticker to show progress during long-running restore
-			// Use 15s interval to reduce mutex contention during parallel restores
+			// CRITICAL FIX: Report progress to TUI callbacks so large DB restores show updates
 			heartbeatCtx, cancelHeartbeat := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-			heartbeatTicker := time.NewTicker(15 * time.Second)
+			heartbeatTicker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second) // More frequent updates (was 15s)
+			heartbeatCount := int64(0)
 			go func() {
 				for {
 					select {
 					case <-heartbeatTicker.C:
+						heartbeatCount++
 						elapsed := time.Since(dbRestoreStart)
 						mu.Lock()
 						statusMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Restoring %s (%d/%d) - elapsed: %s",
 							dbName, idx+1, totalDBs, formatDuration(elapsed))
 						e.progress.Update(statusMsg)
+
+						// CRITICAL: Report activity to TUI callbacks during long-running restore
+						// Use time-based progress estimation: assume ~10MB/s average throughput
+						// This gives visual feedback even when pg_restore hasn't completed
+						estimatedBytesPerSec := int64(10 * 1024 * 1024) // 10 MB/s conservative estimate
+						estimatedBytesDone := elapsed.Milliseconds() / 1000 * estimatedBytesPerSec
+						if expectedDBSize > 0 && estimatedBytesDone > expectedDBSize {
+							estimatedBytesDone = expectedDBSize * 95 / 100 // Cap at 95%
+						}
+
+						// Calculate current progress including in-flight database
+						currentBytesEstimate := bytesCompleted + estimatedBytesDone
+
+						// Report to TUI with estimated progress
+						e.reportDatabaseProgressByBytes(currentBytesEstimate, totalBytes, dbName, int(atomic.LoadInt32(&successCount)), totalDBs)
+
+						// Also report timing info
+						phaseElapsed := time.Since(restorePhaseStart)
+						var avgPerDB time.Duration
+						completedDBTimesMu.Lock()
+						if len(completedDBTimes) > 0 {
+							var total time.Duration
+							for _, d := range completedDBTimes {
+								total += d
+							}
+							avgPerDB = total / time.Duration(len(completedDBTimes))
+						}
+						completedDBTimesMu.Unlock()
+						e.reportDatabaseProgressWithTiming(idx, totalDBs, dbName, phaseElapsed, avgPerDB)
+
 						mu.Unlock()
 					case <-heartbeatCtx.Done():
 						return
@ -2121,7 +2237,7 @@ func (e *Engine) restoreGlobals(ctx context.Context, globalsFile string) error {
 		args = append([]string{"-h", e.cfg.Host}, args...)
 	}

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", args...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", args...)

 	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", e.cfg.Password))

@ -2183,8 +2299,8 @@ func (e *Engine) restoreGlobals(ctx context.Context, globalsFile string) error {
 	case cmdErr = <-cmdDone:
 		// Command completed
 	case <-ctx.Done():
-		e.log.Warn("Globals restore cancelled - killing process")
-		cmd.Process.Kill()
+		e.log.Warn("Globals restore cancelled - killing process group")
+		cleanup.KillCommandGroup(cmd)
 		<-cmdDone
 		cmdErr = ctx.Err()
 	}
@ -2225,7 +2341,7 @@ func (e *Engine) checkSuperuser(ctx context.Context) (bool, error) {
 		args = append([]string{"-h", e.cfg.Host}, args...)
 	}

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", args...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", args...)

 	// Always set PGPASSWORD (empty string is fine for peer/ident auth)
 	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", e.cfg.Password))
@ -2260,7 +2376,7 @@ func (e *Engine) terminateConnections(ctx context.Context, dbName string) error
 		args = append([]string{"-h", e.cfg.Host}, args...)
 	}

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", args...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", args...)

 	// Always set PGPASSWORD (empty string is fine for peer/ident auth)
 	cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", e.cfg.Password))
@ -2296,7 +2412,7 @@ func (e *Engine) dropDatabaseIfExists(ctx context.Context, dbName string) error
 	if e.cfg.Host != "localhost" && e.cfg.Host != "127.0.0.1" && e.cfg.Host != "" {
 		revokeArgs = append([]string{"-h", e.cfg.Host}, revokeArgs...)
 	}
-	revokeCmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", revokeArgs...)
+	revokeCmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", revokeArgs...)
 	revokeCmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", e.cfg.Password))
 	revokeCmd.Run() // Ignore errors - database might not exist

@ -2315,7 +2431,7 @@ func (e *Engine) dropDatabaseIfExists(ctx context.Context, dbName string) error
 	if e.cfg.Host != "localhost" && e.cfg.Host != "127.0.0.1" && e.cfg.Host != "" {
 		forceArgs = append([]string{"-h", e.cfg.Host}, forceArgs...)
 	}
-	forceCmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", forceArgs...)
+	forceCmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", forceArgs...)
 	forceCmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", e.cfg.Password))

 	output, err := forceCmd.CombinedOutput()
@ -2338,7 +2454,7 @@ func (e *Engine) dropDatabaseIfExists(ctx context.Context, dbName string) error
 			args = append([]string{"-h", e.cfg.Host}, args...)
 		}

-		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", args...)
+		cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", args...)
 		cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", e.cfg.Password))

 		output, err = cmd.CombinedOutput()
@ -2372,7 +2488,7 @@ func (e *Engine) ensureMySQLDatabaseExists(ctx context.Context, dbName string) e
 		"-e", fmt.Sprintf("CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `%s`", dbName),
 	}

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "mysql", args...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "mysql", args...)
 	cmd.Env = os.Environ()
 	if e.cfg.Password != "" {
 		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Env, "MYSQL_PWD="+e.cfg.Password)
@ -2410,7 +2526,7 @@ func (e *Engine) ensurePostgresDatabaseExists(ctx context.Context, dbName string
 			args = append([]string{"-h", e.cfg.Host}, args...)
 		}

-		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", args...)
+		cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", args...)

 		// Always set PGPASSWORD (empty string is fine for peer/ident auth)
 		cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", e.cfg.Password))
@ -2467,7 +2583,7 @@ func (e *Engine) ensurePostgresDatabaseExists(ctx context.Context, dbName string
 		createArgs = append([]string{"-h", e.cfg.Host}, createArgs...)
 	}

-	createCmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", createArgs...)
+	createCmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", createArgs...)

 	// Always set PGPASSWORD (empty string is fine for peer/ident auth)
 	createCmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", e.cfg.Password))
@ -2487,7 +2603,7 @@ func (e *Engine) ensurePostgresDatabaseExists(ctx context.Context, dbName string
 			simpleArgs = append([]string{"-h", e.cfg.Host}, simpleArgs...)
 		}

-		simpleCmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", simpleArgs...)
+		simpleCmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", simpleArgs...)
 		simpleCmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", e.cfg.Password))

 		output, err = simpleCmd.CombinedOutput()
@ -2552,7 +2668,7 @@ func (e *Engine) detectLargeObjectsInDumps(dumpsDir string, entries []os.DirEntr
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Minute)
 		defer cancel()

-		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", dumpFile)
+		cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", dumpFile)
 		output, err := cmd.Output()

 		if err != nil {
@ -2876,7 +2992,7 @@ func (e *Engine) canRestartPostgreSQL() bool {
 		// Try a quick sudo check - if this fails, we can't restart
 		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
-		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "sudo", "-n", "true")
+		cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "sudo", "-n", "true")
 		cmd.Stdin = nil
 		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
 			e.log.Info("Running as postgres user without sudo access - cannot restart PostgreSQL",
@ -2906,7 +3022,7 @@ func (e *Engine) tryRestartPostgreSQL(ctx context.Context) bool {
 	runWithTimeout := func(args ...string) bool {
 		cmdCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
 		defer cancel()
-		cmd := exec.CommandContext(cmdCtx, args[0], args[1:]...)
+		cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(cmdCtx, args[0], args[1:]...)
 		// Set stdin to /dev/null to prevent sudo from waiting for password
 		cmd.Stdin = nil
 		return cmd.Run() == nil
--- a/internal/restore/error_report.go
+++ b/internal/restore/error_report.go
@ -7,12 +7,12 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

+	"dbbackup/internal/cleanup"
 	"dbbackup/internal/config"
 	"dbbackup/internal/logger"

@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ func getCommandVersion(cmd string, arg string) string {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()

-	output, err := exec.CommandContext(ctx, cmd, arg).CombinedOutput()
+	output, err := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, cmd, arg).CombinedOutput()
 	if err != nil {
 		return ""
 	}
--- a/internal/restore/fast_restore.go
+++ b/internal/restore/fast_restore.go
@ -5,11 +5,11 @@ package restore
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"time"

+	"dbbackup/internal/cleanup"
 	"dbbackup/internal/config"
 	"dbbackup/internal/logger"
 )
@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ func ApplySessionOptimizations(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, log logg

 	for _, sql := range safeOptimizations {
 		cmdArgs := append(args, "-c", sql)
-		cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", cmdArgs...)
+		cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", cmdArgs...)
 		cmd.Env = append(cmd.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("PGPASSWORD=%s", cfg.Password))

 		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
--- a/internal/restore/large_db_guard.go
+++ b/internal/restore/large_db_guard.go
@ -6,11 +6,11 @@ import (
 	"database/sql"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"

+	"dbbackup/internal/cleanup"
 	"dbbackup/internal/config"
 	"dbbackup/internal/logger"
 )
@ -358,6 +358,14 @@ func (g *LargeDBGuard) WarnUser(strategy *RestoreStrategy, silentMode bool) {

 // CheckSystemMemory validates system has enough memory for restore
 func (g *LargeDBGuard) CheckSystemMemory(backupSizeBytes int64) *MemoryCheck {
+	return g.CheckSystemMemoryWithType(backupSizeBytes, false)
+}
+
+// CheckSystemMemoryWithType validates system memory with archive type awareness
+// isClusterArchive: true for .tar.gz cluster backups (contain pre-compressed .dump files)
+//
+//	false for single .sql.gz files (compressed SQL that expands significantly)
+func (g *LargeDBGuard) CheckSystemMemoryWithType(backupSizeBytes int64, isClusterArchive bool) *MemoryCheck {
 	check := &MemoryCheck{
 		BackupSizeGB: float64(backupSizeBytes) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024),
 	}
@ -374,8 +382,18 @@ func (g *LargeDBGuard) CheckSystemMemory(backupSizeBytes int64) *MemoryCheck {
 	check.SwapTotalGB = float64(memInfo.SwapTotal) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)
 	check.SwapFreeGB = float64(memInfo.SwapFree) / (1024 * 1024 * 1024)

-	// Estimate uncompressed size (typical compression ratio 5:1 to 10:1)
-	estimatedUncompressedGB := check.BackupSizeGB * 7 // Conservative estimate
+	// Estimate uncompressed size based on archive type:
+	// - Cluster archives (.tar.gz): contain pre-compressed .dump files, ratio ~1.2x
+	// - Single SQL files (.sql.gz): compressed SQL expands significantly, ratio ~5-7x
+	var compressionMultiplier float64
+	if isClusterArchive {
+		compressionMultiplier = 1.2 // tar.gz with already-compressed .dump files
+		g.log.Debug("Using cluster archive compression ratio", "multiplier", compressionMultiplier)
+	} else {
+		compressionMultiplier = 5.0 // Conservative for gzipped SQL (was 7, reduced to 5)
+		g.log.Debug("Using single file compression ratio", "multiplier", compressionMultiplier)
+	}
+	estimatedUncompressedGB := check.BackupSizeGB * compressionMultiplier

 	// Memory requirements
 	// - PostgreSQL needs ~2-4GB for shared_buffers
@ -572,7 +590,7 @@ func (g *LargeDBGuard) RevertMySQLSettings() []string {
 // Uses pg_restore -l which outputs a line-by-line listing, then streams through it
 func (g *LargeDBGuard) StreamCountBLOBs(ctx context.Context, dumpFile string) (int, error) {
 	// pg_restore -l outputs text listing, one line per object
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", dumpFile)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", dumpFile)

 	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
 	if err != nil {
@ -609,7 +627,7 @@ func (g *LargeDBGuard) StreamCountBLOBs(ctx context.Context, dumpFile string) (i
 // StreamAnalyzeDump analyzes a dump file using streaming to avoid memory issues
 // Returns: blobCount, estimatedObjects, error
 func (g *LargeDBGuard) StreamAnalyzeDump(ctx context.Context, dumpFile string) (blobCount, totalObjects int, err error) {
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", dumpFile)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", dumpFile)

 	stdout, err := cmd.StdoutPipe()
 	if err != nil {
--- a/internal/restore/preflight.go
+++ b/internal/restore/preflight.go
@ -1,18 +1,22 @@
 package restore

 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"context"
 	"database/sql"
 	"fmt"
 	"os"
-	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
 	"runtime"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"

+	"dbbackup/internal/cleanup"
+
 	"github.com/dustin/go-humanize"
+	"github.com/klauspost/pgzip"
 	"github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v3/mem"
 )

@ -381,7 +385,7 @@ func (e *Engine) countBlobsInDump(ctx context.Context, dumpFile string) int {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", dumpFile)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", dumpFile)
 	output, err := cmd.Output()
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0
@ -398,24 +402,51 @@ func (e *Engine) countBlobsInDump(ctx context.Context, dumpFile string) int {
 }

 // estimateBlobsInSQL samples compressed SQL for lo_create patterns
+// Uses in-process pgzip decompression (NO external gzip process)
 func (e *Engine) estimateBlobsInSQL(sqlFile string) int {
-	// Use zgrep for efficient searching in gzipped files
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	// Count lo_create calls (each = one large object)
-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "zgrep", "-c", "lo_create", sqlFile)
-	output, err := cmd.Output()
+	// Open the gzipped file
+	f, err := os.Open(sqlFile)
 	if err != nil {
-		// Also try SELECT lo_create pattern
-		cmd2 := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "zgrep", "-c", "SELECT.*lo_create", sqlFile)
-		output, err = cmd2.Output()
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0
-		}
+		e.log.Debug("Cannot open SQL file for BLOB estimation", "file", sqlFile, "error", err)
+		return 0
+	}
+	defer f.Close()
+
+	// Create pgzip reader for parallel decompression
+	gzReader, err := pgzip.NewReader(f)
+	if err != nil {
+		e.log.Debug("Cannot create pgzip reader", "file", sqlFile, "error", err)
+		return 0
+	}
+	defer gzReader.Close()
+
+	// Scan for lo_create patterns
+	// We use a regex to match both "lo_create" and "SELECT lo_create" patterns
+	loCreatePattern := regexp.MustCompile(`lo_create`)
+
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(gzReader)
+	// Use larger buffer for potentially long lines
+	buf := make([]byte, 0, 256*1024)
+	scanner.Buffer(buf, 10*1024*1024)
+
+	count := 0
+	linesScanned := 0
+	maxLines := 1000000 // Limit scanning for very large files
+
+	for scanner.Scan() && linesScanned < maxLines {
+		line := scanner.Text()
+		linesScanned++
+
+		// Count all lo_create occurrences in the line
+		matches := loCreatePattern.FindAllString(line, -1)
+		count += len(matches)
 	}

-	count, _ := strconv.Atoi(strings.TrimSpace(string(output)))
+	if err := scanner.Err(); err != nil {
+		e.log.Debug("Error scanning SQL file", "file", sqlFile, "error", err, "lines_scanned", linesScanned)
+	}
+
+	e.log.Debug("BLOB estimation from SQL file", "file", sqlFile, "lo_create_count", count, "lines_scanned", linesScanned)
 	return count
 }

--- a/internal/restore/safety.go
+++ b/internal/restore/safety.go
@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"

+	"dbbackup/internal/cleanup"
 	"dbbackup/internal/config"
 	"dbbackup/internal/fs"
 	"dbbackup/internal/logger"
@ -419,7 +420,7 @@ func (s *Safety) checkPostgresDatabaseExists(ctx context.Context, dbName string)
 	}
 	args = append([]string{"-h", host}, args...)

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", args...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", args...)

 	// Set password if provided
 	if s.cfg.Password != "" {
@ -447,7 +448,7 @@ func (s *Safety) checkMySQLDatabaseExists(ctx context.Context, dbName string) (b
 		args = append([]string{"-h", s.cfg.Host}, args...)
 	}

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "mysql", args...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "mysql", args...)

 	if s.cfg.Password != "" {
 		cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("MYSQL_PWD=%s", s.cfg.Password))
@ -493,7 +494,7 @@ func (s *Safety) listPostgresUserDatabases(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error
 	}
 	args = append([]string{"-h", host}, args...)

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "psql", args...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "psql", args...)

 	// Set password - check config first, then environment
 	env := os.Environ()
@ -542,7 +543,7 @@ func (s *Safety) listMySQLUserDatabases(ctx context.Context) ([]string, error) {
 		args = append([]string{"-h", s.cfg.Host}, args...)
 	}

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "mysql", args...)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "mysql", args...)

 	if s.cfg.Password != "" {
 		cmd.Env = append(os.Environ(), fmt.Sprintf("MYSQL_PWD=%s", s.cfg.Password))
--- a/internal/restore/version_check.go
+++ b/internal/restore/version_check.go
@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ package restore
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
-	"os/exec"
 	"regexp"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"

+	"dbbackup/internal/cleanup"
 	"dbbackup/internal/database"
 )

@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ func GetDumpFileVersion(dumpPath string) (*VersionInfo, error) {
 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 30*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()

-	cmd := exec.CommandContext(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", dumpPath)
+	cmd := cleanup.SafeCommand(ctx, "pg_restore", "-l", dumpPath)
 	output, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read dump file metadata: %w (output: %s)", err, string(output))
--- a/internal/tui/restore_exec.go
+++ b/internal/tui/restore_exec.go
@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ import (
 	"dbbackup/internal/config"
 	"dbbackup/internal/database"
 	"dbbackup/internal/logger"
+	"dbbackup/internal/progress"
 	"dbbackup/internal/restore"
 )

@ -75,6 +76,13 @@ type RestoreExecutionModel struct {
 	overallPhase   int // 1=Extracting, 2=Globals, 3=Databases
 	extractionDone bool

+	// Rich progress view for cluster restores
+	richProgressView *RichClusterProgressView
+	unifiedProgress  *progress.UnifiedClusterProgress
+	useRichProgress  bool // Whether to use the rich progress view
+	termWidth        int  // Terminal width for rich progress
+	termHeight       int  // Terminal height for rich progress
+
 	// Results
 	done       bool
 	cancelling bool // True when user has requested cancellation
@ -108,6 +116,11 @@ func NewRestoreExecution(cfg *config.Config, log logger.Logger, parent tea.Model
 		details:           []string{},
 		spinnerFrames:     spinnerFrames, // Use package-level constant
 		spinnerFrame:      0,
+		// Initialize rich progress view for cluster restores
+		richProgressView: NewRichClusterProgressView(),
+		useRichProgress:  restoreType == "restore-cluster",
+		termWidth:        80,
+		termHeight:       24,
 	}
 }

@ -176,6 +189,9 @@ type sharedProgressState struct {
 	// Throttling to prevent excessive updates (memory optimization)
 	lastSpeedSampleTime time.Time     // Last time we added a speed sample
 	minSampleInterval   time.Duration // Minimum interval between samples (100ms)
+
+	// Unified progress tracker for rich display
+	unifiedProgress *progress.UnifiedClusterProgress
 }

 type restoreSpeedSample struct {
@ -231,6 +247,18 @@ func getCurrentRestoreProgress() (bytesTotal, bytesDone int64, description strin
 		currentRestoreProgressState.phase3StartTime
 }

+// getUnifiedProgress returns the unified progress tracker if available
+func getUnifiedProgress() *progress.UnifiedClusterProgress {
+	currentRestoreProgressMu.Lock()
+	defer currentRestoreProgressMu.Unlock()
+
+	if currentRestoreProgressState == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return currentRestoreProgressState.unifiedProgress
+}
+
 // calculateRollingSpeed calculates speed from recent samples (last 5 seconds)
 func calculateRollingSpeed(samples []restoreSpeedSample) float64 {
 	if len(samples) < 2 {
@ -332,6 +360,11 @@ func executeRestoreWithTUIProgress(parentCtx context.Context, cfg *config.Config
 		progressState := &sharedProgressState{
 			speedSamples: make([]restoreSpeedSample, 0, 100),
 		}
+
+		// Initialize unified progress tracker for cluster restores
+		if restoreType == "restore-cluster" {
+			progressState.unifiedProgress = progress.NewUnifiedClusterProgress("restore", archive.Path)
+		}
 		engine.SetProgressCallback(func(current, total int64, description string) {
 			progressState.mu.Lock()
 			defer progressState.mu.Unlock()
@ -342,10 +375,19 @@ func executeRestoreWithTUIProgress(parentCtx context.Context, cfg *config.Config
 			progressState.overallPhase = 1
 			progressState.extractionDone = false

+			// Update unified progress tracker
+			if progressState.unifiedProgress != nil {
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.SetPhase(progress.PhaseExtracting)
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.SetExtractProgress(current, total)
+			}
+
 			// Check if extraction is complete
 			if current >= total && total > 0 {
 				progressState.extractionDone = true
 				progressState.overallPhase = 2
+				if progressState.unifiedProgress != nil {
+					progressState.unifiedProgress.SetPhase(progress.PhaseGlobals)
+				}
 			}

 			// Throttle speed samples to prevent memory bloat (max 10 samples/sec)
@ -384,6 +426,13 @@ func executeRestoreWithTUIProgress(parentCtx context.Context, cfg *config.Config
 			// Clear byte progress when switching to db progress
 			progressState.bytesTotal = 0
 			progressState.bytesDone = 0
+
+			// Update unified progress tracker
+			if progressState.unifiedProgress != nil {
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.SetPhase(progress.PhaseDatabases)
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.SetDatabasesTotal(total, nil)
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.StartDatabase(dbName, 0)
+			}
 		})

 		// Set up timing-aware database progress callback for cluster restore ETA
@ -406,6 +455,13 @@ func executeRestoreWithTUIProgress(parentCtx context.Context, cfg *config.Config
 			// Clear byte progress when switching to db progress
 			progressState.bytesTotal = 0
 			progressState.bytesDone = 0
+
+			// Update unified progress tracker
+			if progressState.unifiedProgress != nil {
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.SetPhase(progress.PhaseDatabases)
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.SetDatabasesTotal(total, nil)
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.StartDatabase(dbName, 0)
+			}
 		})

 		// Set up weighted (bytes-based) progress callback for accurate cluster restore progress
@ -424,6 +480,14 @@ func executeRestoreWithTUIProgress(parentCtx context.Context, cfg *config.Config
 			if progressState.phase3StartTime.IsZero() {
 				progressState.phase3StartTime = time.Now()
 			}
+
+			// Update unified progress tracker
+			if progressState.unifiedProgress != nil {
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.SetPhase(progress.PhaseDatabases)
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.SetDatabasesTotal(dbTotal, nil)
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.StartDatabase(dbName, bytesTotal)
+				progressState.unifiedProgress.UpdateDatabaseProgress(bytesDone)
+			}
 		})

 		// Store progress state in a package-level variable for the ticker to access
@ -489,11 +553,30 @@ func executeRestoreWithTUIProgress(parentCtx context.Context, cfg *config.Config

 func (m RestoreExecutionModel) Update(msg tea.Msg) (tea.Model, tea.Cmd) {
 	switch msg := msg.(type) {
+	case tea.WindowSizeMsg:
+		// Update terminal dimensions for rich progress view
+		m.termWidth = msg.Width
+		m.termHeight = msg.Height
+		if m.richProgressView != nil {
+			m.richProgressView.SetSize(msg.Width, msg.Height)
+		}
+		return m, nil
+
 	case restoreTickMsg:
 		if !m.done {
 			m.spinnerFrame = (m.spinnerFrame + 1) % len(m.spinnerFrames)
 			m.elapsed = time.Since(m.startTime)

+			// Advance spinner for rich progress view
+			if m.richProgressView != nil {
+				m.richProgressView.AdvanceSpinner()
+			}
+
+			// Update unified progress reference
+			if m.useRichProgress && m.unifiedProgress == nil {
+				m.unifiedProgress = getUnifiedProgress()
+			}
+
 			// Poll shared progress state for real-time updates
 			// Note: dbPhaseElapsed is now calculated in realtime inside getCurrentRestoreProgress()
 			bytesTotal, bytesDone, description, hasUpdate, dbTotal, dbDone, speed, dbPhaseElapsed, dbAvgPerDB, currentDB, overallPhase, extractionDone, dbBytesTotal, dbBytesDone, _ := getCurrentRestoreProgress()
@ -782,7 +865,16 @@ func (m RestoreExecutionModel) View() string {
 	} else {
 		// Show unified progress for cluster restore
 		if m.restoreType == "restore-cluster" {
-			// Calculate overall progress across all phases
+			// Use rich progress view when we have unified progress data
+			if m.useRichProgress && m.unifiedProgress != nil {
+				// Render using the rich cluster progress view
+				s.WriteString(m.richProgressView.RenderUnified(m.unifiedProgress))
+				s.WriteString("\n")
+				s.WriteString(infoStyle.Render("[KEYS]  Press Ctrl+C to cancel"))
+				return s.String()
+			}
+
+			// Fallback: Calculate overall progress across all phases
 			// Phase 1: Extraction (0-60%)
 			// Phase 2: Globals (60-65%)
 			// Phase 3: Databases (65-100%)
--- a/internal/tui/rich_cluster_progress.go
+++ b/internal/tui/rich_cluster_progress.go
@ -0,0 +1,354 @@
+package tui
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"dbbackup/internal/progress"
+)
+
+// RichClusterProgressView renders detailed cluster restore progress
+type RichClusterProgressView struct {
+	width         int
+	height        int
+	spinnerFrames []string
+	spinnerFrame  int
+}
+
+// NewRichClusterProgressView creates a new rich progress view
+func NewRichClusterProgressView() *RichClusterProgressView {
+	return &RichClusterProgressView{
+		width:  80,
+		height: 24,
+		spinnerFrames: []string{
+			"⠋", "⠙", "⠹", "⠸", "⠼", "⠴", "⠦", "⠧", "⠇", "⠏",
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+// SetSize updates the terminal size
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) SetSize(width, height int) {
+	v.width = width
+	v.height = height
+}
+
+// AdvanceSpinner moves to the next spinner frame
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) AdvanceSpinner() {
+	v.spinnerFrame = (v.spinnerFrame + 1) % len(v.spinnerFrames)
+}
+
+// RenderUnified renders progress from UnifiedClusterProgress
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) RenderUnified(p *progress.UnifiedClusterProgress) string {
+	if p == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	snapshot := p.GetSnapshot()
+	return v.RenderSnapshot(&snapshot)
+}
+
+// RenderSnapshot renders progress from a ProgressSnapshot
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) RenderSnapshot(snapshot *progress.ProgressSnapshot) string {
+	if snapshot == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.Grow(2048)
+
+	// Header with overall progress
+	b.WriteString(v.renderHeader(snapshot))
+	b.WriteString("\n\n")
+
+	// Overall progress bar
+	b.WriteString(v.renderOverallProgress(snapshot))
+	b.WriteString("\n\n")
+
+	// Phase-specific details
+	b.WriteString(v.renderPhaseDetails(snapshot))
+
+	// Performance metrics
+	if v.height > 15 {
+		b.WriteString("\n")
+		b.WriteString(v.renderMetricsFromSnapshot(snapshot))
+	}
+
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) renderHeader(snapshot *progress.ProgressSnapshot) string {
+	elapsed := time.Since(snapshot.StartTime)
+
+	// Calculate ETA based on progress
+	overall := v.calculateOverallPercent(snapshot)
+	var etaStr string
+	if overall > 0 && overall < 100 {
+		eta := time.Duration(float64(elapsed) / float64(overall) * float64(100-overall))
+		etaStr = fmt.Sprintf("ETA: %s", formatDuration(eta))
+	} else if overall >= 100 {
+		etaStr = "Complete!"
+	} else {
+		etaStr = "ETA: calculating..."
+	}
+
+	title := "Cluster Restore Progress"
+	// Cap separator at 40 chars to avoid long lines on wide terminals
+	sepLen := maxInt(0, v.width-len(title)-4)
+	if sepLen > 40 {
+		sepLen = 40
+	}
+	separator := strings.Repeat("━", sepLen)
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s %s\n  Elapsed: %s | %s",
+		title, separator,
+		formatDuration(elapsed), etaStr)
+}
+
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) renderOverallProgress(snapshot *progress.ProgressSnapshot) string {
+	overall := v.calculateOverallPercent(snapshot)
+
+	// Phase indicator
+	phaseLabel := v.getPhaseLabel(snapshot)
+
+	// Progress bar
+	barWidth := v.width - 20
+	if barWidth < 20 {
+		barWidth = 20
+	}
+	bar := v.renderProgressBarWidth(overall, barWidth)
+
+	return fmt.Sprintf("  Overall: %s %3d%%\n  Phase: %s", bar, overall, phaseLabel)
+}
+
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) getPhaseLabel(snapshot *progress.ProgressSnapshot) string {
+	switch snapshot.Phase {
+	case progress.PhaseExtracting:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("📦 Extracting archive (%s / %s)",
+			FormatBytes(snapshot.ExtractBytes), FormatBytes(snapshot.ExtractTotal))
+	case progress.PhaseGlobals:
+		return "🔧 Restoring globals (roles, tablespaces)"
+	case progress.PhaseDatabases:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("🗄️  Databases (%d/%d) %s",
+			snapshot.DatabasesDone, snapshot.DatabasesTotal, snapshot.CurrentDB)
+	case progress.PhaseVerifying:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("✅ Verifying (%d/%d)", snapshot.VerifyDone, snapshot.VerifyTotal)
+	case progress.PhaseComplete:
+		return "🎉 Complete!"
+	case progress.PhaseFailed:
+		return "❌ Failed"
+	default:
+		return string(snapshot.Phase)
+	}
+}
+
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) calculateOverallPercent(snapshot *progress.ProgressSnapshot) int {
+	// Use the same logic as UnifiedClusterProgress
+	phaseWeights := map[progress.Phase]int{
+		progress.PhaseExtracting: 20,
+		progress.PhaseGlobals:    5,
+		progress.PhaseDatabases:  70,
+		progress.PhaseVerifying:  5,
+	}
+
+	switch snapshot.Phase {
+	case progress.PhaseIdle:
+		return 0
+	case progress.PhaseExtracting:
+		if snapshot.ExtractTotal > 0 {
+			return int(float64(snapshot.ExtractBytes) / float64(snapshot.ExtractTotal) * float64(phaseWeights[progress.PhaseExtracting]))
+		}
+		return 0
+	case progress.PhaseGlobals:
+		return phaseWeights[progress.PhaseExtracting] + phaseWeights[progress.PhaseGlobals]
+	case progress.PhaseDatabases:
+		basePercent := phaseWeights[progress.PhaseExtracting] + phaseWeights[progress.PhaseGlobals]
+		if snapshot.DatabasesTotal == 0 {
+			return basePercent
+		}
+		dbProgress := float64(snapshot.DatabasesDone) / float64(snapshot.DatabasesTotal)
+		if snapshot.CurrentDBTotal > 0 {
+			currentProgress := float64(snapshot.CurrentDBBytes) / float64(snapshot.CurrentDBTotal)
+			dbProgress += currentProgress / float64(snapshot.DatabasesTotal)
+		}
+		return basePercent + int(dbProgress*float64(phaseWeights[progress.PhaseDatabases]))
+	case progress.PhaseVerifying:
+		basePercent := phaseWeights[progress.PhaseExtracting] + phaseWeights[progress.PhaseGlobals] + phaseWeights[progress.PhaseDatabases]
+		if snapshot.VerifyTotal > 0 {
+			verifyProgress := float64(snapshot.VerifyDone) / float64(snapshot.VerifyTotal)
+			return basePercent + int(verifyProgress*float64(phaseWeights[progress.PhaseVerifying]))
+		}
+		return basePercent
+	case progress.PhaseComplete:
+		return 100
+	default:
+		return 0
+	}
+}
+
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) renderPhaseDetails(snapshot *progress.ProgressSnapshot) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+
+	switch snapshot.Phase {
+	case progress.PhaseExtracting:
+		pct := 0
+		if snapshot.ExtractTotal > 0 {
+			pct = int(float64(snapshot.ExtractBytes) / float64(snapshot.ExtractTotal) * 100)
+		}
+		bar := v.renderMiniProgressBar(pct)
+		b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  📦 Extraction: %s %d%%\n", bar, pct))
+		b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("     %s / %s\n",
+			FormatBytes(snapshot.ExtractBytes), FormatBytes(snapshot.ExtractTotal)))
+
+	case progress.PhaseDatabases:
+		b.WriteString("  📊 Databases:\n\n")
+
+		// Show completed databases if any
+		if snapshot.DatabasesDone > 0 {
+			avgTime := time.Duration(0)
+			if len(snapshot.DatabaseTimes) > 0 {
+				var total time.Duration
+				for _, t := range snapshot.DatabaseTimes {
+					total += t
+				}
+				avgTime = total / time.Duration(len(snapshot.DatabaseTimes))
+			}
+			b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("     ✓ %d completed (avg: %s)\n",
+				snapshot.DatabasesDone, formatDuration(avgTime)))
+		}
+
+		// Show current database
+		if snapshot.CurrentDB != "" {
+			spinner := v.spinnerFrames[v.spinnerFrame]
+			pct := 0
+			if snapshot.CurrentDBTotal > 0 {
+				pct = int(float64(snapshot.CurrentDBBytes) / float64(snapshot.CurrentDBTotal) * 100)
+			}
+			bar := v.renderMiniProgressBar(pct)
+
+			phaseElapsed := time.Since(snapshot.PhaseStartTime)
+
+			// Better display when we have progress info vs when we're waiting
+			if snapshot.CurrentDBTotal > 0 {
+				b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("     %s %-20s %s %3d%%\n",
+					spinner, truncateString(snapshot.CurrentDB, 20), bar, pct))
+				b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("        └─ %s / %s (running %s)\n",
+					FormatBytes(snapshot.CurrentDBBytes), FormatBytes(snapshot.CurrentDBTotal),
+					formatDuration(phaseElapsed)))
+			} else {
+				// No byte-level progress available - show activity indicator with elapsed time
+				b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("     %s %-20s [restoring...] running %s\n",
+					spinner, truncateString(snapshot.CurrentDB, 20),
+					formatDuration(phaseElapsed)))
+				b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("        └─ pg_restore in progress (progress updates every 5s)\n"))
+			}
+		}
+
+		// Show remaining count
+		remaining := snapshot.DatabasesTotal - snapshot.DatabasesDone
+		if snapshot.CurrentDB != "" {
+			remaining--
+		}
+		if remaining > 0 {
+			b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("     ⏳ %d remaining\n", remaining))
+		}
+
+	case progress.PhaseVerifying:
+		pct := 0
+		if snapshot.VerifyTotal > 0 {
+			pct = snapshot.VerifyDone * 100 / snapshot.VerifyTotal
+		}
+		bar := v.renderMiniProgressBar(pct)
+		b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  ✅ Verification: %s %d%%\n", bar, pct))
+		b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("     %d / %d databases verified\n",
+			snapshot.VerifyDone, snapshot.VerifyTotal))
+
+	case progress.PhaseComplete:
+		elapsed := time.Since(snapshot.StartTime)
+		b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("  🎉 Restore complete!\n"))
+		b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("     %d databases restored in %s\n",
+			snapshot.DatabasesDone, formatDuration(elapsed)))
+
+	case progress.PhaseFailed:
+		b.WriteString("  ❌ Restore failed:\n")
+		for _, err := range snapshot.Errors {
+			b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("     • %s\n", truncateString(err, v.width-10)))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) renderMetricsFromSnapshot(snapshot *progress.ProgressSnapshot) string {
+	var b strings.Builder
+	b.WriteString("  📈 Performance:\n")
+
+	elapsed := time.Since(snapshot.StartTime)
+	if elapsed > 0 {
+		// Calculate throughput from extraction phase if we have data
+		if snapshot.ExtractBytes > 0 && elapsed.Seconds() > 0 {
+			throughput := float64(snapshot.ExtractBytes) / elapsed.Seconds()
+			b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("     Throughput: %s/s\n", FormatBytes(int64(throughput))))
+		}
+
+		// Database timing info
+		if len(snapshot.DatabaseTimes) > 0 {
+			var total time.Duration
+			for _, t := range snapshot.DatabaseTimes {
+				total += t
+			}
+			avg := total / time.Duration(len(snapshot.DatabaseTimes))
+			b.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("     Avg DB time: %s\n", formatDuration(avg)))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return b.String()
+}
+
+// Helper functions
+
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) renderProgressBarWidth(pct, width int) string {
+	if width < 10 {
+		width = 10
+	}
+	filled := (pct * width) / 100
+	empty := width - filled
+
+	bar := strings.Repeat("█", filled) + strings.Repeat("░", empty)
+	return "[" + bar + "]"
+}
+
+func (v *RichClusterProgressView) renderMiniProgressBar(pct int) string {
+	width := 20
+	filled := (pct * width) / 100
+	empty := width - filled
+	return strings.Repeat("█", filled) + strings.Repeat("░", empty)
+}
+
+func truncateString(s string, maxLen int) string {
+	if len(s) <= maxLen {
+		return s
+	}
+	if maxLen < 4 {
+		return s[:maxLen]
+	}
+	return s[:maxLen-3] + "..."
+}
+
+func maxInt(a, b int) int {
+	if a > b {
+		return a
+	}
+	return b
+}
+
+func formatNumShort(n int64) string {
+	if n >= 1e9 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1fB", float64(n)/1e9)
+	} else if n >= 1e6 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1fM", float64(n)/1e6)
+	} else if n >= 1e3 {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1fK", float64(n)/1e3)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)
+}
--- a/main.go
+++ b/main.go
@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ import (

 // Build information (set by ldflags)
 var (
-	version   = "5.4.2"
+	version   = "5.5.0"
 	buildTime = "unknown"
 	gitCommit = "unknown"
 )
--- a/scripts/test-sigint-cleanup.sh
+++ b/scripts/test-sigint-cleanup.sh
@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+# scripts/test-sigint-cleanup.sh
+# Test script to verify clean shutdown on SIGINT (Ctrl+C)
+
+set -e
+
+SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
+PROJECT_DIR="$(dirname "$SCRIPT_DIR")"
+BINARY="$PROJECT_DIR/dbbackup"
+
+# Colors for output
+RED='\033[0;31m'
+GREEN='\033[0;32m'
+YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
+NC='\033[0m' # No Color
+
+echo "=== SIGINT Cleanup Test ==="
+echo ""
+echo "Project: $PROJECT_DIR"
+echo "Binary: $BINARY"
+echo ""
+
+# Check if binary exists
+if [ ! -f "$BINARY" ]; then
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}Binary not found, building...${NC}"
+    cd "$PROJECT_DIR"
+    go build -o dbbackup .
+fi
+
+# Create a test backup file if it doesn't exist
+TEST_BACKUP="/tmp/test-sigint-backup.sql.gz"
+if [ ! -f "$TEST_BACKUP" ]; then
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}Creating test backup file...${NC}"
+    echo "-- Test SQL file for SIGINT testing" | gzip > "$TEST_BACKUP"
+fi
+
+echo "=== Phase 1: Pre-test Cleanup ==="
+echo "Killing any existing dbbackup processes..."
+pkill -f "dbbackup" 2>/dev/null || true
+sleep 1
+
+echo ""
+echo "=== Phase 2: Check Initial State ==="
+
+echo "Checking for orphaned processes..."
+INITIAL_PROCS=$(pgrep -f "pg_dump|pg_restore|dbbackup" 2>/dev/null | wc -l)
+echo "Initial related processes: $INITIAL_PROCS"
+
+echo ""
+echo "Checking for temp files..."
+INITIAL_TEMPS=$(ls /tmp/dbbackup-* 2>/dev/null | wc -l || echo "0")
+echo "Initial temp files: $INITIAL_TEMPS"
+
+echo ""
+echo "=== Phase 3: Start Test Operation ==="
+
+# Start a TUI operation that will hang (version is fast, but menu would wait)
+echo "Starting dbbackup TUI (will be interrupted)..."
+
+# Run in background with PTY simulation (needed for TUI)
+cd "$PROJECT_DIR"
+timeout 30 script -q -c "$BINARY" /dev/null &
+PID=$!
+
+echo "Process started: PID=$PID"
+sleep 2
+
+# Check if process is running
+if ! kill -0 $PID 2>/dev/null; then
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}Process exited quickly (expected for non-interactive test)${NC}"
+    echo "This is normal - the TUI requires a real TTY"
+    PID=""
+else
+    echo "Process is running"
+    
+    echo ""
+    echo "=== Phase 4: Check Running State ==="
+    
+    echo "Child processes of $PID:"
+    pgrep -P $PID 2>/dev/null | while read child; do
+        ps -p $child -o pid,ppid,cmd 2>/dev/null || true
+    done
+    
+    echo ""
+    echo "=== Phase 5: Send SIGINT ==="
+    echo "Sending SIGINT to process $PID..."
+    kill -SIGINT $PID 2>/dev/null || true
+    
+    echo "Waiting for cleanup (max 10 seconds)..."
+    for i in {1..10}; do
+        if ! kill -0 $PID 2>/dev/null; then
+            echo ""
+            echo -e "${GREEN}Process exited after ${i} seconds${NC}"
+            break
+        fi
+        sleep 1
+        echo -n "."
+    done
+    echo ""
+    
+    # Check if still running
+    if kill -0 $PID 2>/dev/null; then
+        echo -e "${RED}Process still running after 10 seconds!${NC}"
+        echo "Force killing..."
+        kill -9 $PID 2>/dev/null || true
+    fi
+fi
+
+sleep 2  # Give OS time to clean up
+
+echo ""
+echo "=== Phase 6: Post-Shutdown Verification ==="
+
+# Check for zombie processes
+ZOMBIES=$(ps aux 2>/dev/null | grep -E "dbbackup|pg_dump|pg_restore" | grep -v grep | grep defunct | wc -l)
+echo "Zombie processes: $ZOMBIES"
+
+# Check for orphaned children
+if [ -n "$PID" ]; then
+    ORPHANS=$(pgrep -P $PID 2>/dev/null | wc -l || echo "0")
+    echo "Orphaned children of original process: $ORPHANS"
+else
+    ORPHANS=0
+fi
+
+# Check for leftover related processes
+LEFTOVER_PROCS=$(pgrep -f "pg_dump|pg_restore" 2>/dev/null | wc -l || echo "0")
+echo "Leftover pg_dump/pg_restore processes: $LEFTOVER_PROCS"
+
+# Check for temp files
+TEMP_FILES=$(ls /tmp/dbbackup-* 2>/dev/null | wc -l || echo "0")
+echo "Temporary files: $TEMP_FILES"
+
+# Database connections check (if psql available and configured)
+if command -v psql &> /dev/null; then
+    echo ""
+    echo "Checking database connections..."
+    DB_CONNS=$(psql -t -c "SELECT count(*) FROM pg_stat_activity WHERE application_name LIKE '%dbbackup%';" 2>/dev/null | tr -d ' ' || echo "N/A")
+    echo "Database connections with 'dbbackup' in name: $DB_CONNS"
+else
+    echo "psql not available - skipping database connection check"
+    DB_CONNS="N/A"
+fi
+
+echo ""
+echo "=== Test Results ==="
+
+PASSED=true
+
+if [ "$ZOMBIES" -gt 0 ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}❌ FAIL: $ZOMBIES zombie process(es) found${NC}"
+    PASSED=false
+else
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✓ No zombie processes${NC}"
+fi
+
+if [ "$ORPHANS" -gt 0 ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}❌ FAIL: $ORPHANS orphaned child process(es) found${NC}"
+    PASSED=false
+else
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✓ No orphaned children${NC}"
+fi
+
+if [ "$LEFTOVER_PROCS" -gt 0 ]; then
+    echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠ WARNING: $LEFTOVER_PROCS leftover pg_dump/pg_restore process(es)${NC}"
+    echo "  These may be from other operations"
+fi
+
+if [ "$TEMP_FILES" -gt "$INITIAL_TEMPS" ]; then
+    NEW_TEMPS=$((TEMP_FILES - INITIAL_TEMPS))
+    echo -e "${RED}❌ FAIL: $NEW_TEMPS new temporary file(s) left behind${NC}"
+    ls -la /tmp/dbbackup-* 2>/dev/null || true
+    PASSED=false
+else
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✓ No new temporary files left behind${NC}"
+fi
+
+if [ "$DB_CONNS" != "N/A" ] && [ "$DB_CONNS" -gt 0 ]; then
+    echo -e "${RED}❌ FAIL: $DB_CONNS database connection(s) still active${NC}"
+    PASSED=false
+elif [ "$DB_CONNS" != "N/A" ]; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}✓ No lingering database connections${NC}"
+fi
+
+echo ""
+if [ "$PASSED" = true ]; then
+    echo -e "${GREEN}=== ✓ ALL TESTS PASSED ===${NC}"
+    exit 0
+else
+    echo -e "${RED}=== ✗ SOME TESTS FAILED ===${NC}"
+    exit 1
+fi
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
Alexander Renz	88c141467b	v5.5.0: Native engine support for cluster backup/restore All checks were successful CI/CD / Test (push) Successful in 3m1s Details CI/CD / Lint (push) Successful in 1m12s Details CI/CD / Integration Tests (push) Successful in 51s Details CI/CD / Native Engine Tests (push) Successful in 51s Details CI/CD / Build Binary (push) Successful in 43s Details CI/CD / Test Release Build (push) Successful in 1m17s Details CI/CD / Release Binaries (push) Successful in 10m27s Details NEW FEATURES: - --native flag for cluster backup creates SQL format (.sql.gz) using pure Go - --native flag for cluster restore uses pure Go engine for .sql.gz files - Zero external tool dependencies when using native mode - Single-binary deployment now possible without pg_dump/pg_restore CLUSTER BACKUP (--native): - Creates .sql.gz files instead of .dump files - Uses pgx wire protocol for data export - Parallel gzip compression with pgzip - Automatic fallback with --fallback-tools CLUSTER RESTORE (--native): - Restores .sql.gz files using pure Go (pgx CopyFrom) - No psql or pg_restore required - Automatic detection: native for .sql.gz, pg_restore for .dump FILES MODIFIED: - cmd/backup.go: Added --native and --fallback-tools flags - cmd/restore.go: Added --native and --fallback-tools flags - internal/backup/engine.go: Native engine path in BackupCluster() - internal/restore/engine.go: Added restoreWithNativeEngine() - NATIVE_ENGINE_SUMMARY.md: Complete rewrite with accurate docs - CHANGELOG.md: v5.5.0 release notes	2026-02-02 19:18:22 +01:00
Alexander Renz	3d229f4c5e	v5.4.6: Fix progress tracking for large database restores All checks were successful CI/CD / Test (push) Successful in 3m3s Details CI/CD / Lint (push) Successful in 1m13s Details CI/CD / Integration Tests (push) Successful in 52s Details CI/CD / Native Engine Tests (push) Successful in 51s Details CI/CD / Build Binary (push) Successful in 44s Details CI/CD / Test Release Build (push) Successful in 1m20s Details CI/CD / Release Binaries (push) Successful in 9m40s Details CRITICAL FIX: - Progress only updated after DB completed, not during restore - For 100GB DB taking 4+ hours, TUI showed 0% the whole time CHANGES: - Heartbeat now reports estimated progress every 5s (was 15s text-only) - Time-based estimation: ~10MB/s throughput, capped at 95% - TUI shows spinner + elapsed time when byte-level progress unavailable - Better visual feedback that restore is actively running	2026-02-02 18:51:33 +01:00
Alexander Renz	da89e18a25	v5.4.5: Fix disk space estimation for cluster archives All checks were successful CI/CD / Test (push) Successful in 3m3s Details CI/CD / Lint (push) Successful in 1m12s Details CI/CD / Integration Tests (push) Successful in 51s Details CI/CD / Native Engine Tests (push) Successful in 50s Details CI/CD / Build Binary (push) Successful in 44s Details CI/CD / Test Release Build (push) Successful in 1m18s Details CI/CD / Release Binaries (push) Successful in 10m10s Details - Use 1.2x multiplier for cluster .tar.gz (pre-compressed dumps) - Use 5x multiplier for single .sql.gz files (was 7x) - New CheckSystemMemoryWithType() for archive-aware estimation - 119GB archive now estimates ~143GB instead of ~833GB	2026-02-02 18:38:14 +01:00
Alexander Renz	2e7aa9fcdf	v5.4.4: Fix header separator length on wide terminals All checks were successful CI/CD / Test (push) Successful in 2m56s Details CI/CD / Lint (push) Successful in 1m13s Details CI/CD / Integration Tests (push) Successful in 52s Details CI/CD / Native Engine Tests (push) Successful in 53s Details CI/CD / Build Binary (push) Successful in 47s Details CI/CD / Test Release Build (push) Successful in 1m19s Details CI/CD / Release Binaries (push) Successful in 10m38s Details - Cap separator at 40 chars to avoid long dashes on wide terminals - Affected file: internal/tui/rich_cluster_progress.go	2026-02-02 16:04:37 +01:00
Alexander Renz	59812400a4	v5.4.3: Bulletproof SIGINT handling & eliminate external gzip All checks were successful CI/CD / Test (push) Successful in 2m59s Details CI/CD / Lint (push) Successful in 1m10s Details CI/CD / Integration Tests (push) Successful in 50s Details CI/CD / Native Engine Tests (push) Successful in 50s Details CI/CD / Build Binary (push) Successful in 43s Details CI/CD / Test Release Build (push) Successful in 1m17s Details CI/CD / Release Binaries (push) Successful in 10m7s Details ## SIGINT Cleanup - Zero Zombie Processes - Add cleanup.SafeCommand() with process group setup (Setpgid=true) - Replace all exec.CommandContext with cleanup.SafeCommand in backup/restore - Replace cmd.Process.Kill() with cleanup.KillCommandGroup() for entire process tree - Add cleanup.Handler for graceful shutdown with registered cleanup functions - Add rich cluster progress view for TUI - Add test script: scripts/test-sigint-cleanup.sh ## Eliminate External gzip Process - Replace zgrep (spawns gzip -cdfq) with in-process pgzip decompression - All decompression now uses parallel pgzip (2-4x faster, no subprocess) Files modified: - internal/cleanup/command.go, command_windows.go, handler.go (new) - internal/backup/engine.go (7 SafeCommand + 6 KillCommandGroup) - internal/restore/engine.go (19 SafeCommand + 2 KillCommandGroup) - internal/restore/{fast_restore,safety,diagnose,preflight,large_db_guard,version_check,error_report}.go - internal/tui/restore_exec.go, rich_cluster_progress.go (new)	2026-02-02 14:44:49 +01:00