828 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
828 lines
22 KiB
Markdown
# dbbackup
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Professional database backup and restore utility for PostgreSQL, MySQL, and MariaDB.
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## Key Features
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- Multi-database support: PostgreSQL, MySQL, MariaDB
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- Backup modes: Single database, cluster, sample data
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- Restore operations with safety checks and validation
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- Automatic CPU detection and parallel processing
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- Streaming compression for large databases
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- Interactive terminal UI with progress tracking
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- Cross-platform binaries (Linux, macOS, BSD)
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## Installation
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### Download Pre-compiled Binary
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Linux x86_64:
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```bash
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curl -L https://git.uuxo.net/uuxo/dbbackup/raw/branch/main/bin/dbbackup_linux_amd64 -o dbbackup
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chmod +x dbbackup
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```
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Linux ARM64:
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```bash
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curl -L https://git.uuxo.net/uuxo/dbbackup/raw/branch/main/bin/dbbackup_linux_arm64 -o dbbackup
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chmod +x dbbackup
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```
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macOS Intel:
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```bash
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curl -L https://git.uuxo.net/uuxo/dbbackup/raw/branch/main/bin/dbbackup_darwin_amd64 -o dbbackup
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chmod +x dbbackup
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```
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macOS Apple Silicon:
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```bash
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curl -L https://git.uuxo.net/uuxo/dbbackup/raw/branch/main/bin/dbbackup_darwin_arm64 -o dbbackup
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chmod +x dbbackup
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```
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Other platforms available in `bin/` directory: FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD.
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### Build from Source
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Requires Go 1.19 or later:
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```bash
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git clone https://git.uuxo.net/uuxo/dbbackup.git
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cd dbbackup
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go build
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```
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## Quick Start
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### Interactive Mode
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PostgreSQL (peer authentication):
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```bash
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sudo -u postgres ./dbbackup interactive
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```
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MySQL/MariaDB:
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```bash
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./dbbackup interactive --db-type mysql --user root --password secret
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```
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Menu-driven interface for all operations. Press arrow keys to navigate, Enter to select.
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**Main Menu:**
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Database Backup Tool │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ > Backup Database │
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│ Restore Database │
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│ List Backups │
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│ Configuration Settings │
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│ Exit │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ Database: postgres@localhost:5432 │
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│ Type: PostgreSQL │
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│ Backup Dir: /var/lib/pgsql/db_backups │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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**Backup Progress:**
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```
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Backing up database: production_db
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[=================> ] 45%
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Elapsed: 2m 15s | ETA: 2m 48s
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Current: Dumping table users (1.2M records)
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Speed: 25 MB/s | Size: 3.2 GB / 7.1 GB
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```
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**Configuration Settings:**
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ Configuration Settings │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ Compression Level: 6 │
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│ Parallel Jobs: 16 │
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│ Dump Jobs: 8 │
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│ CPU Workload: Balanced │
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│ Max Cores: 32 │
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├─────────────────────────────────────────────┤
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│ Auto-saved to: .dbbackup.conf │
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└─────────────────────────────────────────────┘
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```
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#### Interactive Features
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The interactive mode provides a menu-driven interface for all database operations:
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- **Backup Operations**: Single database, full cluster, or sample backups
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- **Restore Operations**: Database or cluster restoration with safety checks
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- **Configuration Management**: Auto-save/load settings per directory (.dbbackup.conf)
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- **Backup Archive Management**: List, verify, and delete backup files
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- **Performance Tuning**: CPU workload profiles (Balanced, CPU-Intensive, I/O-Intensive)
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- **Safety Features**: Disk space verification, archive validation, confirmation prompts
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- **Progress Tracking**: Real-time progress indicators with ETA estimation
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- **Error Handling**: Context-aware error messages with actionable hints
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**Configuration Persistence:**
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Settings are automatically saved to .dbbackup.conf in the current directory after successful operations and loaded on subsequent runs. This allows per-project configuration without global settings.
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Flags available:
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- `--no-config` - Skip loading saved configuration
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- `--no-save-config` - Prevent saving configuration after operation
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### Command Line Mode
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Backup single database:
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```bash
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./dbbackup backup single myapp_db
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```
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Backup entire cluster (PostgreSQL):
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```bash
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./dbbackup backup cluster
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```
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Restore database:
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```bash
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./dbbackup restore single backup.dump --target myapp_db --create
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```
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Restore full cluster:
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```bash
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./dbbackup restore cluster cluster_backup.tar.gz --confirm
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```
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## Commands
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### Global Flags (Available for all commands)
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| Flag | Description | Default |
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|------|-------------|---------|
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| `-d, --db-type` | postgres, mysql, mariadb | postgres |
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| `--host` | Database host | localhost |
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| `--port` | Database port | 5432 (postgres), 3306 (mysql) |
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| `--user` | Database user | root |
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| `--password` | Database password | (empty) |
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| `--database` | Database name | postgres |
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| `--backup-dir` | Backup directory | /root/db_backups |
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| `--compression` | Compression level 0-9 | 6 |
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| `--ssl-mode` | disable, prefer, require, verify-ca, verify-full | prefer |
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| `--insecure` | Disable SSL/TLS | false |
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| `--jobs` | Parallel jobs | 8 |
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| `--dump-jobs` | Parallel dump jobs | 8 |
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| `--max-cores` | Maximum CPU cores | 16 |
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| `--cpu-workload` | cpu-intensive, io-intensive, balanced | balanced |
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| `--auto-detect-cores` | Auto-detect CPU cores | true |
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| `--no-config` | Skip loading .dbbackup.conf | false |
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| `--no-save-config` | Prevent saving configuration | false |
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| `--debug` | Enable debug logging | false |
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| `--no-color` | Disable colored output | false |
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### Backup Operations
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#### Single Database
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Backup a single database to compressed archive:
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```bash
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./dbbackup backup single DATABASE_NAME [OPTIONS]
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```
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**Common Options:**
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- `--host STRING` - Database host (default: localhost)
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- `--port INT` - Database port (default: 5432 PostgreSQL, 3306 MySQL)
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- `--user STRING` - Database user (default: postgres)
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- `--password STRING` - Database password
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- `--db-type STRING` - Database type: postgres, mysql, mariadb (default: postgres)
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- `--backup-dir STRING` - Backup directory (default: /var/lib/pgsql/db_backups)
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- `--compression INT` - Compression level 0-9 (default: 6)
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- `--insecure` - Disable SSL/TLS
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- `--ssl-mode STRING` - SSL mode: disable, prefer, require, verify-ca, verify-full
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**Examples:**
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```bash
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# Basic backup
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./dbbackup backup single production_db
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# Remote database with custom settings
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./dbbackup backup single myapp_db \
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--host db.example.com \
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--port 5432 \
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--user backup_user \
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--password secret \
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--compression 9 \
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--backup-dir /mnt/backups
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# MySQL database
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./dbbackup backup single wordpress \
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--db-type mysql \
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--user root \
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--password secret
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```
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Supported formats:
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- PostgreSQL: Custom format (.dump) or SQL (.sql)
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- MySQL/MariaDB: SQL (.sql)
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#### Cluster Backup (PostgreSQL)
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Backup all databases in PostgreSQL cluster including roles and tablespaces:
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```bash
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./dbbackup backup cluster [OPTIONS]
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```
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**Performance Options:**
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- `--max-cores INT` - Maximum CPU cores (default: auto-detect)
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- `--cpu-workload STRING` - Workload type: cpu-intensive, io-intensive, balanced (default: balanced)
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- `--jobs INT` - Parallel jobs (default: auto-detect based on workload)
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- `--dump-jobs INT` - Parallel dump jobs (default: auto-detect based on workload)
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- `--cluster-parallelism INT` - Concurrent database operations (default: 2, configurable via CLUSTER_PARALLELISM env var)
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**Examples:**
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```bash
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# Standard cluster backup
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sudo -u postgres ./dbbackup backup cluster
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# High-performance backup
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sudo -u postgres ./dbbackup backup cluster \
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--compression 3 \
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--max-cores 16 \
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--cpu-workload cpu-intensive \
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--jobs 16
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```
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Output: tar.gz archive containing all databases and globals.
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#### Sample Backup
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Create reduced-size backup for testing/development:
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```bash
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./dbbackup backup sample DATABASE_NAME [OPTIONS]
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```
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**Options:**
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- `--sample-strategy STRING` - Strategy: ratio, percent, count (default: ratio)
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- `--sample-value FLOAT` - Sample value based on strategy (default: 10)
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**Examples:**
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```bash
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# Keep 10% of all rows
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./dbbackup backup sample myapp_db --sample-strategy percent --sample-value 10
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# Keep 1 in 100 rows
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./dbbackup backup sample myapp_db --sample-strategy ratio --sample-value 100
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# Keep 5000 rows per table
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./dbbackup backup sample myapp_db --sample-strategy count --sample-value 5000
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```
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**Warning:** Sample backups may break referential integrity.
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### Restore Operations
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#### Single Database Restore
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Restore database from backup file:
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```bash
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./dbbackup restore single BACKUP_FILE [OPTIONS]
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```
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**Options:**
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- `--target STRING` - Target database name (required)
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- `--create` - Create database if it doesn't exist
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- `--clean` - Drop and recreate database before restore
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- `--jobs INT` - Parallel restore jobs (default: 4)
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- `--verbose` - Show detailed progress
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- `--no-progress` - Disable progress indicators
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- `--confirm` - Execute restore (required for safety, dry-run by default)
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- `--dry-run` - Preview without executing
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- `--force` - Skip safety checks
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**Examples:**
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```bash
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# Basic restore
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./dbbackup restore single /backups/myapp_20250112.dump --target myapp_restored
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# Restore with database creation
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./dbbackup restore single backup.dump \
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--target myapp_db \
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--create \
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--jobs 8
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# Clean restore (drops existing database)
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./dbbackup restore single backup.dump \
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--target myapp_db \
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--clean \
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--verbose
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```
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Supported formats:
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- PostgreSQL: .dump, .dump.gz, .sql, .sql.gz
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- MySQL: .sql, .sql.gz
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#### Cluster Restore (PostgreSQL)
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Restore entire PostgreSQL cluster from archive:
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```bash
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./dbbackup restore cluster ARCHIVE_FILE [OPTIONS]
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```
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**Options:**
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- `--confirm` - Confirm and execute restore (required for safety)
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- `--dry-run` - Show what would be done without executing
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- `--force` - Skip safety checks
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- `--jobs INT` - Parallel decompression jobs (default: auto)
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- `--verbose` - Show detailed progress
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- `--no-progress` - Disable progress indicators
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**Examples:**
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```bash
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# Standard cluster restore
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sudo -u postgres ./dbbackup restore cluster cluster_backup.tar.gz --confirm
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# Dry-run to preview
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sudo -u postgres ./dbbackup restore cluster cluster_backup.tar.gz --dry-run
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# High-performance restore
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sudo -u postgres ./dbbackup restore cluster cluster_backup.tar.gz \
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--confirm \
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--jobs 16 \
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--verbose
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```
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**Safety Features:**
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- Archive integrity validation
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- Disk space checks (4x archive size recommended)
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- Automatic database cleanup detection (interactive mode)
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- Progress tracking with ETA estimation
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#### Restore List
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Show available backup archives in backup directory:
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```bash
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./dbbackup restore list
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```
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### System Commands
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#### Status Check
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Check database connection and configuration:
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```bash
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./dbbackup status [OPTIONS]
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```
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Shows: Database type, host, port, user, connection status, available databases.
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#### Preflight Checks
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Run pre-backup validation checks:
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```bash
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./dbbackup preflight [OPTIONS]
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```
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Verifies: Database connection, required tools, disk space, permissions.
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#### List Databases
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List available databases:
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```bash
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./dbbackup list [OPTIONS]
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```
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#### CPU Information
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Display CPU configuration and optimization settings:
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```bash
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./dbbackup cpu
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```
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Shows: CPU count, model, workload recommendation, suggested parallel jobs.
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#### Version
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Display version information:
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```bash
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./dbbackup version
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```
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## Configuration
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### PostgreSQL Authentication
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PostgreSQL uses different authentication methods based on system configuration.
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**Peer/Ident Authentication (Linux Default)**
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Run as postgres system user:
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```bash
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sudo -u postgres ./dbbackup backup cluster
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```
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**Password Authentication**
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Option 1: .pgpass file (recommended for automation):
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```bash
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echo "localhost:5432:*:postgres:password" > ~/.pgpass
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chmod 0600 ~/.pgpass
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./dbbackup backup single mydb --user postgres
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```
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Option 2: Environment variable:
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```bash
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export PGPASSWORD=your_password
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./dbbackup backup single mydb --user postgres
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```
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Option 3: Command line flag:
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```bash
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./dbbackup backup single mydb --user postgres --password your_password
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```
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### MySQL/MariaDB Authentication
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**Option 1: Command line**
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```bash
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./dbbackup backup single mydb --db-type mysql --user root --password secret
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```
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**Option 2: Environment variable**
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```bash
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export MYSQL_PWD=your_password
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./dbbackup backup single mydb --db-type mysql --user root
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```
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**Option 3: Configuration file**
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```bash
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cat > ~/.my.cnf << EOF
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[client]
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user=backup_user
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password=your_password
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host=localhost
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EOF
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chmod 0600 ~/.my.cnf
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```
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### Environment Variables
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PostgreSQL:
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```bash
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export PG_HOST=localhost
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export PG_PORT=5432
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export PG_USER=postgres
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export PGPASSWORD=password
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```
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MySQL/MariaDB:
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```bash
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export MYSQL_HOST=localhost
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export MYSQL_PORT=3306
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export MYSQL_USER=root
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export MYSQL_PWD=password
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```
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General:
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||
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```bash
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export BACKUP_DIR=/var/backups/databases
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export COMPRESS_LEVEL=6
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export CLUSTER_TIMEOUT_MIN=240
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```
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|
||
### Database Types
|
||
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- `postgres` - PostgreSQL
|
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- `mysql` - MySQL
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- `mariadb` - MariaDB
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Select via:
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- CLI: `-d postgres` or `--db-type postgres`
|
||
- Interactive: Arrow keys to cycle through options
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||
|
||
## Performance
|
||
|
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### Memory Usage
|
||
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Streaming architecture maintains constant memory usage:
|
||
|
||
| Database Size | Memory Usage |
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|---------------|--------------|
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| 1-10 GB | ~800 MB |
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| 10-50 GB | ~900 MB |
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| 50-100 GB | ~950 MB |
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||
| 100+ GB | <1 GB |
|
||
|
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### Large Database Optimization
|
||
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- Databases >5GB automatically use plain format with streaming compression
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- Parallel compression via pigz (if available)
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- Per-database timeout: 4 hours default
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- Automatic format selection based on size
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### CPU Optimization
|
||
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Automatically detects CPU configuration and optimizes parallelism:
|
||
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||
```bash
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./dbbackup cpu
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```
|
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Manual override:
|
||
|
||
```bash
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||
./dbbackup backup cluster \
|
||
--max-cores 32 \
|
||
--jobs 32 \
|
||
--cpu-workload cpu-intensive
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Parallelism
|
||
|
||
```bash
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||
./dbbackup backup cluster --jobs 16 --dump-jobs 16
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- `--jobs` - Compression/decompression parallel jobs
|
||
- `--dump-jobs` - Database dump parallel jobs
|
||
- `--max-cores` - Limit CPU cores (default: 16)
|
||
- Cluster operations use worker pools with configurable parallelism (default: 2 concurrent databases)
|
||
- Set `CLUSTER_PARALLELISM` environment variable to adjust concurrent database operations
|
||
|
||
### CPU Workload
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
./dbbackup backup cluster --cpu-workload cpu-intensive
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Options: `cpu-intensive`, `io-intensive`, `balanced` (default)
|
||
|
||
Workload types automatically adjust Jobs and DumpJobs:
|
||
- **Balanced**: Jobs = PhysicalCores, DumpJobs = PhysicalCores/2 (min 2)
|
||
- **CPU-Intensive**: Jobs = PhysicalCores×2, DumpJobs = PhysicalCores (more parallelism)
|
||
- **I/O-Intensive**: Jobs = PhysicalCores/2 (min 1), DumpJobs = 2 (less parallelism to avoid I/O contention)
|
||
|
||
Configure in interactive mode via Configuration Settings menu.
|
||
|
||
### Compression
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
./dbbackup backup single mydb --compression 9
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
- Level 0 = No compression (fastest)
|
||
- Level 6 = Balanced (default)
|
||
- Level 9 = Maximum compression (slowest)
|
||
|
||
### SSL/TLS Configuration
|
||
|
||
SSL modes: `disable`, `prefer`, `require`, `verify-ca`, `verify-full`
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
# Disable SSL
|
||
./dbbackup backup single mydb --insecure
|
||
|
||
# Require SSL
|
||
./dbbackup backup single mydb --ssl-mode require
|
||
|
||
# Verify certificate
|
||
./dbbackup backup single mydb --ssl-mode verify-full
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Disaster Recovery
|
||
|
||
Complete automated disaster recovery test:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo ./disaster_recovery_test.sh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
This script:
|
||
|
||
1. Backs up entire cluster with maximum performance
|
||
2. Documents pre-backup state
|
||
3. Destroys all user databases (confirmation required)
|
||
4. Restores full cluster from backup
|
||
5. Verifies restoration success
|
||
|
||
**Warning:** Destructive operation. Use only in test environments.
|
||
|
||
## Troubleshooting
|
||
|
||
### Connection Issues
|
||
|
||
**Test connectivity:**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
./dbbackup status
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**PostgreSQL peer authentication error:**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo -u postgres ./dbbackup status
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**SSL/TLS issues:**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
./dbbackup status --insecure
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Out of Memory
|
||
|
||
**Check memory:**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
free -h
|
||
dmesg | grep -i oom
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**Add swap space:**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
sudo fallocate -l 16G /swapfile
|
||
sudo chmod 600 /swapfile
|
||
sudo mkswap /swapfile
|
||
sudo swapon /swapfile
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
**Reduce parallelism:**
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
./dbbackup backup cluster --jobs 4 --dump-jobs 4
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Debug Mode
|
||
|
||
Enable detailed logging:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
./dbbackup backup single mydb --debug
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
### Common Errors
|
||
|
||
- **"Ident authentication failed"** - Run as matching OS user or configure password authentication
|
||
- **"Permission denied"** - Check database user privileges
|
||
- **"Disk space check failed"** - Ensure 4x archive size available
|
||
- **"Archive validation failed"** - Backup file corrupted or incomplete
|
||
|
||
## Building
|
||
|
||
Build for all platforms:
|
||
|
||
```bash
|
||
./build_all.sh
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
Binaries created in `bin/` directory.
|
||
|
||
## Requirements
|
||
|
||
### System Requirements
|
||
|
||
- Linux, macOS, FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD
|
||
- 1 GB RAM minimum (2 GB recommended for large databases)
|
||
- Disk space: 30-50% of database size for backups
|
||
|
||
### Software Requirements
|
||
|
||
**PostgreSQL:**
|
||
- Client tools: psql, pg_dump, pg_dumpall, pg_restore
|
||
- PostgreSQL 10 or later
|
||
|
||
**MySQL/MariaDB:**
|
||
- Client tools: mysql, mysqldump
|
||
- MySQL 5.7+ or MariaDB 10.3+
|
||
|
||
**Optional:**
|
||
- pigz (parallel compression)
|
||
- pv (progress monitoring)
|
||
|
||
## Best Practices
|
||
|
||
1. **Test restores regularly** - Verify backups work before disasters occur
|
||
2. **Monitor disk space** - Maintain 4x archive size free space for restore operations
|
||
3. **Use appropriate compression** - Balance speed and space (level 3-6 for production)
|
||
4. **Leverage configuration persistence** - Use .dbbackup.conf for consistent per-project settings
|
||
5. **Automate backups** - Schedule via cron or systemd timers
|
||
6. **Secure credentials** - Use .pgpass/.my.cnf with 0600 permissions, never save passwords in config files
|
||
7. **Maintain multiple versions** - Keep 7-30 days of backups for point-in-time recovery
|
||
8. **Store backups off-site** - Remote copies protect against site-wide failures
|
||
9. **Validate archives** - Run verification checks on backup files periodically
|
||
10. **Document procedures** - Maintain runbooks for restore operations and disaster recovery
|
||
|
||
## Project Structure
|
||
|
||
```
|
||
dbbackup/
|
||
├── main.go # Entry point
|
||
├── cmd/ # CLI commands
|
||
├── internal/
|
||
│ ├── backup/ # Backup engine
|
||
│ ├── restore/ # Restore engine
|
||
│ ├── config/ # Configuration
|
||
│ ├── database/ # Database drivers
|
||
│ ├── cpu/ # CPU detection
|
||
│ ├── logger/ # Logging
|
||
│ ├── progress/ # Progress tracking
|
||
│ └── tui/ # Interactive UI
|
||
├── bin/ # Pre-compiled binaries
|
||
├── disaster_recovery_test.sh # DR testing script
|
||
└── build_all.sh # Multi-platform build
|
||
```
|
||
|
||
## Support
|
||
|
||
- Repository: https://git.uuxo.net/uuxo/dbbackup
|
||
- Issues: Use repository issue tracker
|
||
|
||
## License
|
||
|
||
MIT License
|
||
|
||
## Recent Improvements
|
||
|
||
### Reliability Enhancements
|
||
- **Context Cleanup**: Proper resource cleanup with sync.Once and io.Closer interface prevents memory leaks
|
||
- **Process Management**: Thread-safe process tracking with automatic cleanup on exit
|
||
- **Error Classification**: Regex-based error pattern matching for robust error handling
|
||
- **Performance Caching**: Disk space checks cached with 30-second TTL to reduce syscall overhead
|
||
- **Metrics Collection**: Structured logging with operation metrics for observability
|
||
|
||
### Configuration Management
|
||
- **Persistent Configuration**: Auto-save/load settings to .dbbackup.conf in current directory
|
||
- **Per-Directory Settings**: Each project maintains its own database connection parameters
|
||
- **Flag Override**: Command-line flags always take precedence over saved configuration
|
||
- **Security**: Passwords excluded from saved configuration files
|
||
|
||
### Performance Optimizations
|
||
- **Parallel Cluster Operations**: Worker pool pattern for concurrent database backup/restore
|
||
- **Memory Efficiency**: Streaming command output eliminates OOM errors on large databases
|
||
- **Optimized Goroutines**: Ticker-based progress indicators reduce CPU overhead
|
||
- **Configurable Concurrency**: Control parallel database operations via CLUSTER_PARALLELISM
|
||
|
||
### Cross-Platform Support
|
||
- **Platform-Specific Implementations**: Separate disk space and process management for Unix/Windows/BSD
|
||
- **Build Constraints**: Go build tags ensure correct compilation for each platform
|
||
- **Tested Platforms**: Linux (x64/ARM), macOS (x64/ARM), Windows (x64/ARM), FreeBSD, OpenBSD
|
||
|
||
## Why dbbackup?
|
||
|
||
- **Reliable**: Thread-safe process management, comprehensive error handling, automatic cleanup
|
||
- **Efficient**: Constant memory footprint (~1GB) regardless of database size via streaming architecture
|
||
- **Fast**: Automatic CPU detection, parallel processing, streaming compression with pigz
|
||
- **Intelligent**: Context-aware error messages, disk space pre-flight checks, configuration persistence
|
||
- **Safe**: Dry-run by default, archive verification, confirmation prompts, backup validation
|
||
- **Flexible**: Multiple backup modes, compression levels, CPU workload profiles, per-directory configuration
|
||
- **Complete**: Full cluster operations, single database backups, sample data extraction
|
||
- **Cross-Platform**: Native binaries for Linux, macOS, Windows, FreeBSD, OpenBSD
|
||
- **Scalable**: Tested with databases from megabytes to 100+ gigabytes
|
||
- **Observable**: Structured logging, metrics collection, progress tracking with ETA
|
||
|
||
dbbackup is production-ready for backup and disaster recovery operations on PostgreSQL, MySQL, and MariaDB databases. Successfully tested with 42GB databases containing 35,000 large objects.
|